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Biology of Cancer > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Top 5 cancers

A

skin, breast, colon, lung, prostate

all carcinomas

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2
Q

Life and death of
keratinocytes in epidermis

A

Approx. two weeks to
mature, subsequently die
and detach

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3
Q

Epithelium folding increases

A

surface available for absorption
compared to unfolded epithelium

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4
Q

villus/villi

A

tiny, finger-like projections made up of cells that line the entire length of your small intestine

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5
Q

inside villus “finger”

A

connective tissue

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6
Q

Between villi, the epithelium folds
down into connective tissue,

A

protecting stem cells at the base of
these “crypts” .

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7
Q

basal lamina

A

/ basal layer / basement membrane

separates underlying connective tissue (dermis) from keratinocytes in epidermis

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8
Q

in order to invade dermis, cancer cells must cross…

A

the basal lamina

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9
Q

“in situ”

A

in place

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10
Q

Common cells of the epidermis:

A

Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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11
Q

Langerhans cells

A

of neural cell
origin in bone marrow; immune
system cells

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12
Q

Merkel cells

A

are sensory
cells detecting pressure

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13
Q

melanocytes

A

A cell in the skin and eyes that produces and contains the pigment called melanin

moved into epidermis
during embryo development

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14
Q

Dermis

A

cell density is low, cells embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM)
secreted by fibroblasts or related cells (e.g., osteoblast cells in bone)

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15
Q

fibroblasts

A

most common cell type in connective tissue

produce collagen

are motile - crawl within the extracellular matrix

secrete the proteins and sugars of extracellular
matrix such as collagen.

also function like stem cells or embryo cells

divide and daughter cells may differentiate into
different cell types such as lipocytes or adipocytes (fat cells,)
and osteoblasts (bone cells)

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16
Q

most human cells diameter are about

A

10-30 μm

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17
Q

lipocytes or adipocytes

A

fat cells

18
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone cells

19
Q

Non motile melanocytes that can divide and produce
motile melanoma cells

also Motile fibroblasts that can divide and produce non motile
fat cells

A

have same genes - but different structure and function due to changes in gene expression and mutated genes producing new alleles

20
Q

life of keratinocytes in epidermis

A

two weeks to
mature, subsequently die and
detach

21
Q

normal stem cells
divide only if

A

chemical signals are present

22
Q

Cancer stem cells divide in an

A

unregulated way without chemical signals required

23
Q

stem cells

A

undifferentiated, unspecialized

24
Q

TACs

A

transit amplifying cells

25
Q

committed cells

A

committed to a certain fate - differentiating

26
Q

post-mitotic differentiated cells

A

A mature, terminally differentiated (TD) cell no longer able to undergo mitosis

27
Q

TACs contribute most to cell
number and replacement in…

A

epithelia

28
Q

multipotency

A

the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, but only a limited number of closely related lineages

29
Q

progenitor

A

ancestor

30
Q

progeny

A

offspring

31
Q

unipotent

A

division and differentiation produces one thing
- basal stem cells … only produce keratinocytes

32
Q

In basal cell cancer (BCC) cells look

A

less
differentiated, like basal stem cells

33
Q

In squamous cell cancer (SCC),cells looks

A

more differentiated like squamous cells.

34
Q

Most online content still states that BCC
comes from mutant stem cells and SCC
comes from mutant squamous cells (TACs) but…..

A

More recent research indicates that both BCC and SCC originate in basal cells

35
Q

most common skin cancer USA

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma
~1.3 mil

36
Q

most rare skin cancer USA

A

melanoma, but it is the most
(even though epidermis has more TACs than basal cells)
aggressive

37
Q

avg skin cancer deaths a year usa

A

~10,000

38
Q

permanent cells

A

(lasts lifetime)
These cells are abundant in nervous system,
muscles and the lenses of the eyes; they are
non-dividing – cancers rarely or never occur

39
Q

Shorter lifespan cells

A

typically live for days,
weeks or months, as in blood, colon,
epidermis and lungs; mutant stem cells are
more likely to result in tumours due to cell
division

40
Q

neovascularization

A

the process by which new vascular structures assemble.

Biology of Cancer (3 decks)

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