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Biology of Cancer > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

“angio”

A

vessel

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2
Q

Formation of new blood vessels enables

A

malignant tumor growth

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3
Q

diffusion-dependent tumor

A

Diffusion due to concentration gradients
moves oxygen and nutrients towards tumor
and moves wastes and carbon dioxide towards
blood vessels

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4
Q

without blood supply, tumor size is limited to about:

A

1mm^3

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4
Q

Genetic mutations let some
cancer cells secrete chemical
signals

A

attract growing blood vessels

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5
Q

Metastasis name

A

indicates a changed state, not “static”

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6
Q

What kinds of cells normally move around inside
your body?

A

White blood cells of various types,
T-cells
Macrophages
Natural killer cells

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7
Q

cell movement looks like

A

crawling

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8
Q

what permits invasion?

A

Cell detachment and movement

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9
Q

what does metastasis require?

A

cells must enter blood vessels, survive, exit blood vessels and survive new location (rare)

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10
Q

Cellular definition of cancer:

A

A tumour is not a cancer, unless it has (or is
likely to produce) cells able to detach, move,
invade other tissues and spread throughout the
body (metastasis)

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11
Q

metastasis

A

cells spreading throughout the body

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12
Q

occurrence of TAIM in animals

A

yes, yes, yes, yes

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13
Q

occurrence of TAIM in fungi

A

T - yes
A - no?
I - probably
M - no

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14
Q

occurrence of TAIM in plants

A

T - yes
A - yes … xylem, phloem
I - cells could probably grow into it
M - No, cells cannot detach and crawl (move)

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15
Q

occurrence of TAIM in prokaryotes

A

T - No – single cells can divide abnormally and
clump, but there are no tissues
A - No, single cells not multicellular
I - No
M - No

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16
Q

Cancer is only found among…

A

animals, multicellular eukaryotes (bilateria metazoans)

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17
Q

Cell walls of fungi and plant cells are

A

stiff and prevent cells
moving around organism

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18
Q

galls

A

plant tumours

form independently (no metastasis)

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19
Q

What did cancer originate in?

A

ancestors of multicellular
animals (bilateria metazoans)

20
Q

What is cancer?

A

Excess cell proliferation in a tissue
Excess blood vessel formation
Ability of some primary tumour cells to detach, move
Secondary tumors form at distant locations

21
Q

How are tumours classified

A

by place of origin and features

21
Q

Where do carcinomas form

A

in epithelia

22
Q

epithelia

A

All internal and external surfaces
Body cavity surfaces
Hollow organ surfaces
Ducts and glands surfaces

22
Q

avg skin SA if it was flat

A

2m^2

23
Q

Hematoxylin and eosin

A

staining dyes

24
Q

is skin surface flat

A

no, it is folded around hair follicles and glands

25
Q

avg skin SA

A

25m^2 because of appendage openings

26
Q

where do sarcomas form

A

in connective tissues

27
Q

connective tissues

A
  • lie under epithelia
  • support and connect organs and cells
  • Yielding or soft, rubbery, elastic or hard
  • Examples: bone, cartilage and softer tissues,
    fatty storage tissue
28
Q

Terry Fox’s cancer

A

osteosarcoma in leg (later mestastasized to lung)

29
Q

Sarcomas form a variable …

A

small proportion of cancers that are more common in children and youth (connective tissue cells division rate is high, allowing for mutations)

30
Q

why are sarcomas more common in youth than adults?

A

connective tissue cells division rate is high, allowing for mutations

31
Q

Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes…

A

Distribute and redistribute body fluid and prevent local-fluid accumulation

32
Q

Cancer cells often metastasize to lymph vessels
and nodes

A

forming secondary cancerous
tumors there

33
Q

Removal of cancerous lymph nodes can cause

A

fluid accumulation, pain and swelling

34
Q

“-blast” typically refers to

A

stem cell or embryonic cell origins of tumor

34
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Cancer of Cerebellum

35
Q

formaldehyde

A

chemically preserving fixative used in histology

36
Q

H&E staining

A

cells are pink and purple

excl. rbc which appear red

37
Q

Blood cell mass marks on histology slides

A

blood vessel supplying tumour

38
Q

Cell theory

A

developed in 1830s

all macroorganisms (multicellular) including animals are made of cells

39
Q

Plant cells first identified

A

1660s

40
Q

word cell came from

A

a “monk’s or nun’s cell” (small room)

41
Q

A tissue comprises

A

one or more layers of cells.

42
Q

A tissue may contain

A

one or more types of cell shapes.

43
Q

Mature keratinocytes

A

anucleate, no organelles
Filled with fibrous protein keratin
Tough, strong & water proof

44
Q

first nations leaders in temagami region declare ban on…

A

herbicide spraying after glyphosate spill

Biology of Cancer (3 decks)

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