WEEK 4

Question 1

arterial blood
lithium heparin

Answer 1

ABG

Question 2

can yield a hydrogen ion (H)
donor

Answer 2

acids

Question 3

can yield hydroxyl ions
acceptor

Answer 3

base

Question 4

weak acid
weak base, salt
bicarbonate (HCO3)

Answer 4

buffer

Question 5

Principal mammalian buffer system

Answer 5

BICARBONATE-CARBONIC ACID
BUFFER SYSTEM

HCO3>H2CO3

Question 6

unstable, changing to H2O and CO2 in
fluid

Answer 6

H2CO3, carbonic acid

Question 7

Phosphate form that
acts as a buffer

Answer 7

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

Question 8

It increases the amount of NaHCO3 in ECF
(more alkaline)

Answer 8

PHOSPHATE BUFFER SYSTEM

Question 9

16% of the non-bicarbonate buffer value of
Erythrocytes

Answer 9

PHOSPHATE BUFFER SYSTEM

Question 10

Maintains pH level (Venous and Arterial Blood)

Answer 10

HEMOGLOBIN-OXYHEMOGLOBIN
BUFFER SYSTEM

Question 11

1 gram of Hemoglobin carries – of
Oxygen

Answer 11

1.39 mL

Question 12

Proteins can exist in 2 forms: H+ protein, B
Protein

Answer 12

PROTEIN BUFFER SYSTEM

Question 13

Capability to bind or release excess Hydrogen
as required

Answer 13

PROTEIN BUFFER SYSTEM

Question 14

Plasma proteins (Charges on their surface)
* pH > pI – charge

Answer 14

-

Question 15

Plasma proteins (Charges on their surface)
* pH < pI – charge

Answer 15

+

Question 16

The second largest fraction of the anions in
the plasma. It includes the ionized
bicarbonate (HC03), carbonate and the
carbamino compounds.

Answer 16

BICARBONATE (HCO3)

Question 17

This fraction of blood, plasma or serum
Includes the undissociated carbonic acid and
the physically dissolved anhydrous C02

Answer 17

CARBONIC ACID (H2CO3 )

Question 18

The pressure or tension exerted by C02 gas
dissolved in blood. It is an index of efficiency
of gas exchange in the lungs and not a
measure of C02 concentration in the blood.

Answer 18

PARTIAL PRESSURE OF C02
(pC02)

Question 19

Normal range is 35 - 45 mmHg

Answer 19

PARTIAL PRESSURE OF C02
(pC02)

Question 20

an
index of the amount of CO2 that can be bound
by serum, plasma, or whole blood as HCO3 at a
pCO2 of 40 mmHg at 25 degrees Celcius.

Answer 20

CARBON DIOXIDE COMBINING
POWER (CO2 combining power)

Question 21

consisting of ionized HC03, C03, carbamino
compound) and unionized fraction (H2C03) and
physically dissolved C02

Answer 21

TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE
CONCENTRATION (ctCO2)

Question 22

The negative logarithm of hydrogen ion
activity with a normal average range of
7.35-7.45

Answer 22

pH

Question 23

Based on amperometric or polarographic
measurement of oxygen.

Answer 23

Clark p02 electrode

Question 24

Calculation from oxygen saturation, pH and
temperature by means of the standard 02
dissociation curve.

Answer 24

p02

Question 25

* Gasometric analysis * Transcutaneous monitoring

Answer 25

p02

Question 26

Based on pH measurement of a stationary NaHCO3 solution which is in equilibrium with the test solution and the test via a CO2 permeable membrane

Answer 26

pC02 electrode

Question 27

From a measured pH value interpolated in the C02 equilibrium curve

Answer 27

pC02

Question 28

Based on polarographic principle

Answer 28

PH electrode

Question 29

Nomogram and Slide Rule * Siggard -Anderson Alignment nomogram

Answer 29

pH

Question 30

Manometric Method Using Natelson Microgasometer

Answer 30

ct C02

Question 31

Carbon dioxide is released front HC03 by the addition of lactic add. The C02 and other gases are, extracted under a partial vacuum. The pressure difference at constant value before and after absorption of C02 by NaOH Is the amount of C02 present in the sample

Answer 31

Manometric Method Using Natelson Microgasometer

Question 32

NATELSON MICROGASOMETER release CO2 from HCO3

Answer 32

10% lactic acidd

Question 33

NATELSON MICROGASOMETER for total reabsorption of CO2 gas as Na2CO3

Answer 33

12% NaOH

Question 34

NATELSON MICROGASOMETER for total reabsorption of O2

Answer 34

NaHSO3

Question 35

NATELSON MICROGASOMETER seperates the sample and other reagents prevents introduction of air and seals gasometer

Answer 35

mercury

Question 36

NATELSON MICROGASOMETER washes the sample and reagent into the reaction chamber

Answer 36

distilled water

Question 37

General term applied for the any condition where the pH of the blood and the bicarbonate concentration of the blood are below normal.

Answer 37

Acidosis

Question 38

General term applied for any condition with an increase in blood pH (above normal range) characterized by an elevation in the H+ ion accepting buffer of the plasma (UC03) and a reduction in the H+ ion substances (H2CO3)

Answer 38

Alkalosis

Question 39

* Caused by bicarbonate deficiency

Answer 39

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 40

* Compensation: Hyperventilation

Answer 40

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 41

* (+) Hyperkalemia and hyperchloremia

Answer 41

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 42

Production of increased amount of acid – diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis (alcoholism), renal failure and diarrhea

Answer 42

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 43

* Caused by bicarbonate excess

Answer 43

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 44

Conditions: Vomiting with the loss of chloride from the stomach

Answer 44

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 45

* Compensation: Hypoventilation

Answer 45

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 46

For every 10 meq/L rise in bicarbonates, the pCO2 rises by 6 mmHg * (+) hypokalemia, hypochloremia

Answer 46

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 47

* Excessive CO2 accumulation

Answer 47

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 48

* Conditions: Chronic obstructive pulmonic disease (COPD), myasthenia gravis, CNS disease, drug overdose (morphine, barbiturates and opiates), pneumonia

Answer 48

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 49

* Compensation: retention of bicarbonates

Answer 49

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 50

* Due to excessive carbon dioxide loss

Answer 50

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 51

* Conditions: Anxiety, severe pain, aspirin overdose, hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 51

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 52

* Compensation: decreased reabsorption

Answer 52

Respiratory Alkalosis