electrolytes Flashcards
70% of Na is
reabsorbed by the earlier parts of the renal tubule
Glomerular Filtration Rate
promote retention
of sodium and excretion of potassium
Aldosterone
Water and Sodium Loss
hypovolemia
multiple myeloma
protein buildup
DECREASED
ANION GAP
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
produced by
the atrial myocardium; promotes natriuresis and
relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle
> 135-mild
130-moderate
125-severe
hyponatremia
- occurs when Na+ is measured using indirect
ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in a patient
who is hyperproteinemic or hyperlipidemic
pseudohyponatremia
rare condition wherein
sodium chloride gradients cannot form in the loop
of Henle causing the retention of chloride ion that is
not available for the countercurrent mechanism.
Bartter’s Syndrome
Aldosterone deficit secondary to Addison’s disease
hyponatremia
it causes efflux of
cellular water with consequent osmotic dilution of
serum sodium.
Diabetic hyperosmolar state
-sodium
-potassium
ISE
-calcium
-magnesium
AAS
- 6–7 mmol/L may alter the –
K
electrocardiogram
> 10 mmol/L k may cause
cardiac rest
3mmol K
hypokalemia
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
K
Together with sodium, they represent the majority of the osmotically
active constituent of the plasma
- Maintaining electrical neutrality
Chloride
Mercurimetric Titration
(Schales-Schales method)
chloride
98 – 106 mmol/L
chloride
fifth most common element and
the most prevalent cation in the human
body
calcium
important in skeletal mineralization
exocrine and
endocrine glands
calcium
It preserves the cell membrane’s integrity and permeability
particularly in terms of sodium and potassium exchange
calcium
secretion in blood is stimulated by a decrease in
ionized Ca2
PTH
activates a process known as bone
resorption, in which activated osteoclasts break down bone
and subsequently release Ca2 into the ECF
PTH
