week 4 Flashcards
what is paraphrasing for reflection of content
reflecting content is listening accurately to another person and reflecting the essence of the content of the communication to other in your own words
what does a good paraphrase do
adds nothing, omits nothing, and distorts nothing
why do we paraphrase for reflection of content
it lets the speaker know they are being heard, understood, cared for, and supported
provides feedback which promotes insight
clarify understanding
reduces repetition
what do you need to be mindful of when paraphrasing for reflection of content
parroting/restating facts interpreting labelling putting new ideas/thoughts into the clients head taking the clients side
what is reflection of feelings
identifying the feelings and emotions in a persons verbal and body language and stating/reflecting those feelings back to the client
practitioner acting as a mirror to the clients emotional state
why do we reflect on patients feelings
brings vaguely expressed feelings into clearer awareness
validates feelings and demonstrates an acceptance of feelings
helps people experience rather than avoid emotions
facilitates the clients movement toward greater self-awareness and self-understanding
deepens relationship between client and practitioner
what do you need to be mindful of when reflecting feelings
family and cultural backgrounds means feelings are expressed differently
our own experiences of emotions
timing
how we offer
why is it hard to express emotions
vulnerability
embarrassment
saving face
vocabulary/clarity
what is summarising
ties together several ideas and descriptions of feelings into one statement
broader and encompasses a longer period of conversation than paraphrasing
why do we summarise
sorts out disconnected material into more manageable units
what do you need to be mindful of when summarising
not always essential
a re-run of what has been covered
a tabulation of every issue that has been raised
what is clarifying
checking with the speaker that what is being heard and understood is accurate
why do we clarify
helps develop a shared understanding
supports clients to identify values, beliefs, intentions, decisions
what do you need to be mindful of when clarifying
narrowing the clarification
clarifying too early
what is clarifying the clients comprehension
checking with the client about what is being heard and understood is accurate
why do we clarify clients comprehension
ensure the client understands what is being discussed
support next steps
identify areas of uncertainty/barriers to next steps
things to be mindful of when clarifying clients comprehension
non-judgemental
multiple forms of communication for future reference
what does open questions do
encourage people to talk, provide you with maximum information and let the client head in the direction they want or need to take
often relate to feelings, thoughts and understandings tend to open the conversation up
what do closed questions do
they can help the counsellor to focus the client or gain very specific information
questions that lead to yes or no
different types of questions
transitional probing questions circular scaling goaling leading question clarifying questions
what is a transitional question
establishing connections/links
often to an earlier part of the discussion
eg. earlier you mentioned —, i’m wondering how you are feeling about that now
what is a probing question
meant to encourage clients to enlarge or expand on their initial response
eg. can you say more about that?
what is a circular question
perspective of the other
eg. how do you imagine your brother would feel about —?
what is a scaling question
tracking change
eg. on a scale of 1-10 how much does this hurt?
what is goaling questions
establising direction
eg. what would you like to take away from this session?
what is a leading question
usually subtly points to the responders answer in a certain direction
what is a clarifying question
open questions used by the counsellor to make sure they fully understand what the client means
things to be mindful of when asking questions
bombardment/grilling multiple questions closing down questions questions as statements why questions
types of verbal communication
assertive
passive
aggressive
what are some first person skills
non-verbal communication verbal communication 'i' language disclosure/feedback speed, tone, pauses, silence, space
what is an assertive communicator
delivering a message in a way that respects the rights and opinions of everyone involved in the interaction
what is a passive communicator
deliver a message in a way that allows another’s rights or needs to take precedence over yours
what is aggressive communicator
deliver a message in a way that suggests your rights or needs are more important than others
