week 3week 3 Flashcards
what are the two main influences of humanistic approach
learning theory
Psychoanalytic
Who is Abraham Maslow
Born in Brooklyn in 1908. 1930s influence by the ideas of behaviourism he carried out his PhD studies under Harlow. Birth of his first child started his look at behaviourism turned to Freud then turned away.
Who is Abraham Maslow part 2
all needs are seen as inborn and universal
we have innate tendencies toward healthy growth and development, he called these tendencies instinctoid
Maslow part 3
described two distinct types of motivation: deficiency motives and Growth/ being motives
deficiency motives (negative motivational state)- hunger, thirst and more, things we lack motivated to acquire
Growth/being motives (positive motivational sate): giving love unselfishly, drive
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
A five-level hierarchy theory of motivation,
Physiological needs- safety needs- love and belonging- esteem- self-actualisation
What are self actualisers
are individuals who do the best they are capable of. A general characteristic is the frequency they have peak experiences which are feelings of ecstasy
Self-actualisers are more creative, B-cognition, self-acceptance, More tolerant, Fewer distortions in perceptions
Who is Carl Rogers
personality theory grew out of theory of therapy, Acknowledged the role of experience, but rejected Freudian deterministic perspective. Like Maslow, saw humans as future-orientated. Current goals influence subsequent behaviour. Believed individuals have the power o shape their own lives.
What are the basic principles of Carl Rogers
Rogers adopted a phenomenological position regarding reality, Humans function within a subjective frame of reality, How we perceive situations depends on mood, beliefs, past experiences, and the type of person we are
Rogers self-actualisation
Rogers stressed the uniqueness of each individual. Each person has a natural tendency towards growth and self-actualisation. as long as actualising potential is not blocked, we remain psychologically healthy, blocks are the cause of all problems.
Human needs are divided into two aspects: the drive for satisfaction of basic needs , the development of our potential and the qualities that make us worthwhile human beings
Rogers self concept
The real self is our real organismic self the genetic blueprint for the person we are capable of becoming, if our developmental circumstances are favourable. We develop conditions of worth- criteria for what we must not in order to gain approval
what is self concept
It is socially-constructed and we judge ourselves according to what others think of us
Rogers believed in the importance of parents self-concepts and the provision of unconditional positive regard
What is a fully functioning person
High conscientious
highly agreeable
high in openness
low in neuroticism
extraverted
What is person centred therapy
core conditions- congruence, empathy, unconditional positive regard. Therapists have to be trusting, accepting and empathic.
Centred Approach
Q-sort-A list of around 100 adjectives/short statements. They do this for their self-concept and their ideal self
strengths Rogers
Reasonable, concept of conditions of worth are a valuable way of describing mechanisms we use to evaluate our own behaviours. Description of the self is innovative, and comparison of self/ideal self is valuable. Concepts are intuitive and have high face validity
