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Anatomy Year 2 - Head + Neck > Week 3 - WET > Flashcards

Week 3 - WET Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 foramina in the orbit of the eye.

A

Optic foramen

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

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2
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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3
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III nerve

IV nerve

V1 nerve

VI nerve

Opthalmic veins

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4
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

V2 nerve

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5
Q

Name the 3 layers of the eyeball

A

Fibrous layer

Vascular layer

Sensory layer

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6
Q

Name the 2 components of the fibrous layer.

A

Cornea

Sclera

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7
Q

Name the components of the vascular layer

A

Choroid

Ciliary body

Iris

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8
Q

Name the component of the inner sensory layer

A

Retina

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9
Q

What structure divides the eye into an anterior and posterior segment?

A

Lens

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10
Q

What is the name given to the watery fluid in the anterior segment?

A

Aqueous humour

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11
Q

What is the name given to the gel in the posterior segment?

A

Vitreous humor

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12
Q

What part of the eye secretes aqueous humor?

A

Ciliary body

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13
Q

Name the 3 intrinsic muscles of the eye

A

Ciliaris (muscle of ciliary body)

Sphincter (constrictor) pupillae

Dilator pupillae

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14
Q

What is the function of the ciliaris muscle?

A

Change shape of lens = accomodation

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15
Q

What is the function of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Constric pupil

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16
Q

What is the innervation to the sphincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic - Cr. N III (occulomotor)

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17
Q

How is the sphincter pupillae arranged around the pupil?

A

Circularly

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18
Q

What is the function of the dilator pupillae?

A

Dilate pupil

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19
Q

What is the innervation to the dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic innervation

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20
Q

How are the fibres of the dilator pupillae arranged within the iris?

A

Radially arranged - like spokes on a wheel

21
Q

Name the 7 extrinsic muscles of the eyes.

A

Superior, inferior, lateral, medial recti

Superior and inferior obliques

Levator palpebri superiorus

22
Q

What is the innervation for each of the 7 extrinsic muscles of the eye? Be specific.

A

Superior oblique - IV (trochlear)

Lateral rectus - VI (abducens)

All the rest - III (oculomotor)

(SO4, LR6, AR3)

23
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus?

24
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

25
Q

What are the 3 actions of the superior rectus?

A

Elevation, adduction, intorsion

RADSIN

26
Q

What are the 3 actions of the inferior rectus?

A

Depression, adduction, extorsion

27
Q

What are the 3 actions of the superior oblique?

A

Depression, abduction, intorsion

28
Q

What are the 3 actions of the inferior oblique?

A

Elevation, abduction, extorsion

29
Q

What is the only extrinsic muscle of the eye which doesnt arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

A

Inferior oblique

30
Q

Name the ligaments which prevent over-adduction or over-abduction of the eye?

A

Medial and lateral check ligaments

31
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligaments of the eye?

A

Suspend lens from ciliary body

32
Q

Name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye.

A

Opthalmic artery

33
Q

Through which foramen does the opthalmic artery enter the orbit?

A

Optic foramen

34
Q

Which foramina in the orbit do the opthalmic veins pass through to enter into the carvernous venous sinus?

A

Superior orbital fissure

35
Q

Name the 3 ossicles.

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

36
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

37
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

38
Q

Name 2 muscle related to the ossicles.

A

Stapedius

Tensor tympani

39
Q

What is the function of the stapedius?

A

Stablises stapes bone.

40
Q

What is the function of the tensor tympani?

A

Dampen loud sounds (by tensing tympanic membrane)

41
Q

Name 2 areas with which the middle ear cavity communicates.

A

Nasopharynx (via eustachin tube aka pharyngotympanic tube)

Mastoid air cells

42
Q

Within which part of the temporal bone do the inner and middle ear lie?

A

Petrous part

43
Q

Inner ear = bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth. What are each of these?

A

Bony labyrinth: rigid, bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone.

Membranous labyrinth: fluid filled tubes (endolymph) which contain receptors for hearing and balance. It lies within the bony labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph

44
Q

What fluid lies within the bony labyrinth?

45
Q

What fluid lies within the membranous labyrinth?

46
Q

Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal acoustic meatus.

47
Q

Which other cranial nerve exits through this foramen?

A

VIII - vestibulocochlear

48
Q

While in the middle ear cavity, the facial nerve gives off the chorda tympani. State 2 things this will go and innervate.

A

Sub-mandibular and sub-lingual salivary glands.

Anterior 2/3rds of tongue - taste sensation

Anatomy Year 2 - Head + Neck (7 decks)

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