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Anatomy Year 2 - Head + Neck > Week 1 DRY > Flashcards

Week 1 DRY Flashcards

1
Q

In a horizontal section, name the 4 compartments of the neck.

A

Vertebral

Visceral

Vascular x 2

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2
Q

How are these 4 compartments delineated?

A

Deep cervical fascia sends septae internally.

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3
Q

Name the structures present in the vertebral compartment:

A

Cervical vertebrae.

Associated postural muscles

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4
Q

Name 5 structures present in the visceral compartment of the neck.

A

Trachea

Oesophagus

Thyroid gland (&parathyroid glands)

Pharynx

Larynx

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5
Q

Name 3 structures present in each of the vascular compartments.

A

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

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6
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie in the carotid sheath in relation to the vascular contents (CCA, IJV)?

A

Posteriorly and in between them

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7
Q

What fascia surrounds each of the vascular compartments?

A

Carotid sheath

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8
Q

What fascia encloses the visceral compartment?

A

Pre-tracheal fascia.

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9
Q

What fascia encloses the vertebral compartment?

A

Pre-vertebral fascia.

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10
Q

All of the compartments are enclosed by an outer layer that surrounds the neck.

Name this layer and what it is composed of.

A

Musculofascial collar.

Deep cervical fascia

Certain mucles including SCM + trapezius

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11
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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12
Q

Name 2 distinguishing features of cervical vertebra compared to other vertabra?

A

Bifid spinous process

Presence of transverse foramen

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13
Q

C1 - known as the atlas - articulates with what part of the skull? Be specific.

A

Occipital condyles of occipital bone.

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14
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1?

A

Synovial condyloid

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15
Q

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid process?

A

Synovial pivot

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16
Q

What structures pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra?

A

Vertebral arteries/veins

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17
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

C7

long spinous process = easily palpable

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18
Q

What type of natural curvature exists in the cervical portion of the spine?

A

Lordosis (inward)

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19
Q

State the 3 attachements of the sternocleidomastoid process.

A

Sternum (manubrium)

Clavicle

Mastoid process

20
Q

If the right SCM contracted, what side would the head tilt?

A

RIght side

21
Q

If the Right SCM contracted, to which side would the face turn?

A

Left

22
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleiodmasotid and trapezius?

A

Cranial nerve XI

Accessory nerve

23
Q

Cervical plexus emerges from between which 2 muscles?

A

Anterior and middle scalene muscles.

24
Q

Draw a diagram labelling the branches of the aorta.

A
25
Q

At what level (relative to cartilaginous structures in the neck) does the common carotid artery divide into the external and internal carotid arteries.

A

Upper border of thyroid cartilage

26
Q

Which of the external carotid or internal carotid give off branches in the neck?

A

External carotid

27
Q

Which of the internal carotid and external carotid run more laterally?

A

Internal carotid

28
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid (given off in the face) and within what glandular structure are they given off?

A

Maxillary artery

Superficial temporal artery

Parotid gland.

29
Q

Which vein of the upper limb does the internal jugular merge with and what is the name of the vein formed?

A

Subclavian vein

Forming brachiocephalic vein

30
Q

External jugular is a superficial vein that drains what general area?

A

Face and scalp

31
Q

The external jugular vein runs along the sternocleidomastoid - superficial or deeply?

A

Superficial

32
Q

What vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

33
Q

The Phrenic nerve arises from what plexus in the neck?

A

Cervical Plexus

34
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Lateral and posterior.

35
Q

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid

Digastric

Stylohyoid

Geniohyoid

36
Q

What action do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and the hyoid bone?

A

Lower mandible

Elevate hyoid bone

37
Q

Give a physiological example of the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles.

A

Swallowing.

Makes distance for food to travel much smaller.

38
Q

Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles.

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

39
Q

Which of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid is more superficial?

A

Sternohyoid

40
Q

State the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles.

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

41
Q

What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

42
Q

Between which two muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?

A

Anterior and middle scalene muscles.

43
Q

Name a motor nerve that arises from the cervical plexus and travels down through the thorax.

A

Phrenic.

44
Q

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

A

2 lobes and an isthmus.

45
Q

At what level (in relation to the trachea) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?

A

2nd or 3rd tracheal ring.

46
Q

In which of the four neck compartments does the thyroid gland lie?

A

Visceral.

47
Q

What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery.

Anatomy Year 2 - Head + Neck (7 decks)

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