Week 1 DRY Flashcards
In a horizontal section, name the 4 compartments of the neck.
Vertebral
Visceral
Vascular x 2
How are these 4 compartments delineated?
Deep cervical fascia sends septae internally.
Name the structures present in the vertebral compartment:
Cervical vertebrae.
Associated postural muscles
Name 5 structures present in the visceral compartment of the neck.
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thyroid gland (¶thyroid glands)
Pharynx
Larynx
Name 3 structures present in each of the vascular compartments.
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Where does the vagus nerve lie in the carotid sheath in relation to the vascular contents (CCA, IJV)?
Posteriorly and in between them
What fascia surrounds each of the vascular compartments?
Carotid sheath
What fascia encloses the visceral compartment?
Pre-tracheal fascia.
What fascia encloses the vertebral compartment?
Pre-vertebral fascia.
All of the compartments are enclosed by an outer layer that surrounds the neck.
Name this layer and what it is composed of.
Musculofascial collar.
Deep cervical fascia
Certain mucles including SCM + trapezius
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
Name 2 distinguishing features of cervical vertebra compared to other vertabra?
Bifid spinous process
Presence of transverse foramen
C1 - known as the atlas - articulates with what part of the skull? Be specific.
Occipital condyles of occipital bone.
What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1?
Synovial condyloid
What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid process?
Synovial pivot
What structures pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra?
Vertebral arteries/veins
What is the vertebra prominens?
C7
long spinous process = easily palpable
What type of natural curvature exists in the cervical portion of the spine?
Lordosis (inward)
State the 3 attachements of the sternocleidomastoid process.
Sternum (manubrium)
Clavicle
Mastoid process
If the right SCM contracted, what side would the head tilt?
RIght side
If the Right SCM contracted, to which side would the face turn?
Left
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleiodmasotid and trapezius?
Cranial nerve XI
Accessory nerve
Cervical plexus emerges from between which 2 muscles?
Anterior and middle scalene muscles.
Draw a diagram labelling the branches of the aorta.
At what level (relative to cartilaginous structures in the neck) does the common carotid artery divide into the external and internal carotid arteries.
Upper border of thyroid cartilage
Which of the external carotid or internal carotid give off branches in the neck?
External carotid
Which of the internal carotid and external carotid run more laterally?
Internal carotid
What are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid (given off in the face) and within what glandular structure are they given off?
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
Parotid gland.
Which vein of the upper limb does the internal jugular merge with and what is the name of the vein formed?
Subclavian vein
Forming brachiocephalic vein
External jugular is a superficial vein that drains what general area?
Face and scalp
The external jugular vein runs along the sternocleidomastoid - superficial or deeply?
Superficial
What vein does the external jugular vein drain into?
Subclavian vein
The Phrenic nerve arises from what plexus in the neck?
Cervical Plexus
Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?
Lateral and posterior.
Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
What action do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and the hyoid bone?
Lower mandible
Elevate hyoid bone
Give a physiological example of the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles.
Swallowing.
Makes distance for food to travel much smaller.
Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles.
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Which of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid is more superficial?
Sternohyoid
State the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles.
Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?
C1-C4
Between which two muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?
Anterior and middle scalene muscles.
Name a motor nerve that arises from the cervical plexus and travels down through the thorax.
Phrenic.
What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?
2 lobes and an isthmus.
At what level (in relation to the trachea) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?
2nd or 3rd tracheal ring.
In which of the four neck compartments does the thyroid gland lie?
Visceral.
What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?
Superior thyroid artery.
