Week 2 - Session 3 Flashcards
With which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?
Oropharynx
What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?
Trachea
Which cartilage has a prominence which forms the “adam’s apple”?
Thyroid cartilage
Name a paired cartilage of the larynx
Arytenoid cartilage
Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring?
Cricoid
The space between the laryngeal cartilages is occupied by what?
Dense connective tissue membranes
e. g. thyrohyoid membrane (ligament)
e. g. cricothyroid membrane (ligament)
Name the 4 structures which form the laryngeal inlet.
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Aryepiglottic fold
Vestibular fold
The lumen of the larynx can be split into 3 parts. Name them.
Vestibule - area between laryngeal inlet and false vocal cords
Laryngeal ventricle - between false and true vocal cords
Between vocal cords and cricoid cartilage
What is the nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
(except cricothyroid muscle - superior laryngeal nerve)
What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?
Internal laryngeal nerve
What is the position of the vocal cords during normal respiration?
Abducted
What is the position of the vocal cords during rapid breathing?
Fully abducted
What is the position of the vocal cords during speaking?
Adducted (closed)
The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by what?
Sphenoid bone
In relation to the larynx, the hypopharynx/laryngopharynx lies ……………….
Posterior
What prevents a bolus of food in the oropharynx from entering into the nasopahrynx?
Soft palate
What prevents the bolus from entering into the larynx?
Epiglottis
The pharynx has 3 layers. Name them.
Outer muscular layer
Middle fibrous layer
Inner mucous membrane
The outer muscular layer of the pharynx is composed of what 2 layers?
Outer circular layer
Inner longitudinal layer
The outer circular layer is composed of what 3 muscles?
Superior, middle and inferior constrictors.
The inner longitudinal layer is formed by what 3 muscles?
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
The pharynx receives innervation from the pharyngeal plexus. Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?
Vagus (X)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Of these, which nerve is sensory to the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal
Which nerve provides most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?
Vagus (X)
What is the role of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?
Propel food into oesophagus
What is the role of the longitudinal layers of musce of the pharynx during swallowing?
Shorten pharynx during swallowing
What is the role of the tongue during swallowing?
Push food back
The larynx is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium except at the vocal cords - what type of epithelium is here?
Stratified squamous epithelium
