Week 2 - Session 3

Question 1

With which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?

Answer 1

Oropharynx

Question 2

What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

Answer 2

Trachea

Question 3

Which cartilage has a prominence which forms the “adam’s apple”?

Answer 3

Thyroid cartilage

Question 4

Name a paired cartilage of the larynx

Answer 4

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 5

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring?

Answer 5

Cricoid

Question 6

The space between the laryngeal cartilages is occupied by what?

Answer 6

Dense connective tissue membranes

e. g. thyrohyoid membrane (ligament)
e. g. cricothyroid membrane (ligament)

Question 7

Name the 4 structures which form the laryngeal inlet.

Answer 7

Epiglottis

Arytenoid cartilage

Aryepiglottic fold

Vestibular fold

Question 8

The lumen of the larynx can be split into 3 parts. Name them.

Answer 8

Vestibule - area between laryngeal inlet and false vocal cords

Laryngeal ventricle - between false and true vocal cords

Between vocal cords and cricoid cartilage

Question 9

What is the nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 9

Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

(except cricothyroid muscle - superior laryngeal nerve)

Question 10

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

Answer 10

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 11

What is the position of the vocal cords during normal respiration?

Answer 11

Abducted

Question 12

What is the position of the vocal cords during rapid breathing?

Answer 12

Fully abducted

Question 13

What is the position of the vocal cords during speaking?

Answer 13

Adducted (closed)

Question 14

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by what?

Answer 14

Sphenoid bone

Question 15

In relation to the larynx, the hypopharynx/laryngopharynx lies ……………….

Answer 15

Posterior

Question 16

What prevents a bolus of food in the oropharynx from entering into the nasopahrynx?

Answer 16

Soft palate

Question 17

What prevents the bolus from entering into the larynx?

Answer 17

Epiglottis

Question 18

The pharynx has 3 layers. Name them.

Answer 18

Outer muscular layer

Middle fibrous layer

Inner mucous membrane

Question 19

The outer muscular layer of the pharynx is composed of what 2 layers?

Answer 19

Outer circular layer

Inner longitudinal layer

Question 20

The outer circular layer is composed of what 3 muscles?

Answer 20

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors.

Question 21

The inner longitudinal layer is formed by what 3 muscles?

Answer 21

Salpingopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

Question 22

The pharynx receives innervation from the pharyngeal plexus. Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 22

Vagus (X)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 23

Of these, which nerve is sensory to the pharynx?

Answer 23

Glossopharyngeal

Question 24

Which nerve provides most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 24

Vagus (X)

Question 25

What is the role of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

Answer 25

Propel food into oesophagus

Question 26

What is the role of the longitudinal layers of musce of the pharynx during swallowing?

Answer 26

Shorten pharynx during swallowing

Question 27

What is the role of the tongue during swallowing?

Answer 27

Push food back

Question 28

The larynx is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium except at the vocal cords - what type of epithelium is here?

Answer 28

Stratified squamous epithelium