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Yr2 Head & Neck - Anatomy > Week 3 Wet > Flashcards

Week 3 Wet Flashcards

1
Q

List the 7 bones that make up the orbit of the eye

A
  • Lacrima
  • Ethmoid
  • Frontal
  • Spenoid (Lesser and greater wing)
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomaticus
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2
Q

What are the various openings in the orbit of the eye?

A

Optic Foramen

Inferior and Superior Orbital Fissures

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3
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

The optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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4
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure

A

Maxillary Nerve (V2)

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5
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor Nerve III
Trochlear Nerve IV
Opthalmic Nerve (V1)
Abducens Nerve (VI)

Opthalmic Veins

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6
Q

Why is the floor of the orbit weaker than the rest?

A

It contains the Inferior orbital groove

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7
Q

What are the contents of the orbit?

A
  • Eye
  • Opthalmic artery + branches
  • Optic Nerve
  • Extrinsic eye muscles
  • Ligaments of the eye
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Orbital fat
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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye and their constituent parts

A

Outer fibrous — Sclera & Cornea

Middle Vascular — Choroid, Ciliary body and Iris

Inner Sensory —- Retina

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9
Q

How is the eye divided into segments and chambers?

A

Lens divides it into the ant & post segments

The iris divides the anterior segment into ant/post chambers

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10
Q

What is found in the anterior and posterior segments?

A

Ant - Aqueous Humor

Post - Vitreous Humour

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11
Q

What produces aqueous humor and what are the functions of it and vitreous humor?

A

Aqueous humor - Ciliary Body. It maintians intraocular pressure

Vitreous humor - Cushions the retina

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12
Q

What do we call the part of the retina with maximum visual acuity?

A

Macula or Fovea Centralis

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13
Q

What forms the end of the retina anteriorly?

A

Ora Serrata

Just ant to the equator of the eye

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14
Q

List the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris
Constricter Pupillae
Dilator Pupillae

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15
Q

What are the locations, actions and innervation’s of the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris:

  • Ciliary Body
  • Accommodation
  • Parasympathetic via III

Constrictor Pupillae:

  • Pupillary border of the iris (Circular)
  • Constricting pupil
  • Parasympathetic via III

Dilator Pupillae:

  • Iris (Radial)
  • Dilates Pupil
  • Sympathetic
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16
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Recti - Lateral, medial, sup & inf
Obliques - Sup & Inf
LPS - Levator Palpabrae Superioris

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17
Q

List the 6 main movements of the eye

A 
Adduction (medial)
Abduction (Lateral)
Depression (Down)
Elevation (Up)
Intorsion (rotates towards midline)
Extorsion (Rotates away from midline)
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18
Q

Describe the innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles

A

Most are by the III cranial nerve

Sup oblique is by the IV, its the only one with a trochlea hence the name of the nerve

Lateral Rectus by the VI, its the main abducter hence the name of the nerve.

19
Q

RADSIN, mnemonic for extrinsic eye muscle actions

A

Recti ADduct Superiors INtort

  • All the recti adduct (except obviousbly the lateral)
  • Superior Oblique Intorts & Inferior oblique extorts

The opposite is also true:
- Both obliques abduct

20
Q

What movements are performed by each extrinsic eye muscle

A

MEdial REctus - Adducts
Lateral Rectus - Abducts

Sup Rectus - Elevates, adducts and intorts
Inf Rectus - Depresses, Adducts and extorts

Sup Oblique - depresses, Intorts, Abducts
Inf Oblique - Elevates, Extorts, Abducts

21
Q

Which extrinsic eye muscle is the only one not arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit

A

Inf Oblique

22
Q

What ligaments prevent your eye from over abducting/adducting?

A

Medial & Lateral Palpebral Ligaments

23
Q

What does the suspensory ligament do?

A

Supports and prevents downward displacement of the eye

24
Q

Describe the blood supply of the orbit and eye

A

OPthalmic artery through Optic canal

Opthalmic veins which pass through Sup orbital fissure to reach the Cavernous sinus beyond

25
Q

What and where is the lacrimal gland?

A

A gland that produces the watery constituent of tears
Found in the upper lateral part of the orbit

Excess tears eventually drain through the lacrimal duct on the medial side into the inf nasal meatus

26
Q

Describe the innervation of the lacrimal gland

A

Parasympathetic innervation via Cr N VII

27
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Small bones of the middle ear
Malleus
Incus
Stapes

28
Q

What joint type connects the ossicles?

A

Synovial

29
Q

What part of which ossicle contacts the tympanic membrane?

A

Handle of the malleus

30
Q

Which ossicle contacts the oval window?

A

Stapes

31
Q

What are the names and functions of muscles related to the ossicles?

A

Tensor Tympani - Dampens sound by tensing the malleus

Stapedius - Stabilizes the stapes

32
Q

With what areas does the middle ear communicate?

A
  • Mastoid air sinuses

- Eustachian tube to nasopharynx

33
Q

Where are the middle and inner ear found?

A

Within the petrous part of the temporal bone

34
Q

Whats the distinction between the bony and membranous labyrinths of the inner ear?

A

The inner ear is made up of the bony labyrinth which contains perilymph

The inner ear contains the membranous labyrinth which contains endolymph

35
Q

What makes up the vestibular apparatus?

A

3 Semicircular canals (Ant, Post, Lateral)
Utricle
Saccule

36
Q

Describe the orientation of the vestibular, cochlear and facial nerves within the Internal auditory foramen

A

Looking straight through the foramen it can be divided into 4 even segments:

  • Sup Ant containing 7th cranial nerve
  • Inf Ant containing the Cochlear nerve
  • Sup Post containing the sup vestibular nerve
  • Inf Post containing the inf vestibular nerve
37
Q

Which nerve runs through the middle ear and how?

A

Facial nerves runs through the wall of the middle ear in the facial canal
This is where it gives off the chorda tympani

38
Q

what nerve is given off within the middle ear cavity, from where and what does it do?

A

Facial nerve gives off the Chorda Tympani

It innervates the Ant 2/3rd of the tongue with taste sensation and secretomotor parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular/sublingual salivary glands

39
Q

What does the sup oblique depress rather than elevate the eye (& vice versa for inf oblique)?

A

Because they connect to the posterior aspect of the eyeball itself

40
Q

What are the terminal lymph nodes for most of the head and neck?

A

Deep Cervical Nodes

They are a linked chain around the IJV within the carotid sheath

41
Q

What happens to lymph in the neck after the deep cervical nodes?

A

The nodes join to form the Jugular lymphatic trunk on either side which then drain into the Right Lymphatic duct or Thoracic Duct

42
Q

What are the main regional lymph nodes of the head?

A
  • Parotid Nodes (Over/in Parotid)
  • Buccal Nodes (over buccinator)
  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Mastoid
  • Occipital
43
Q

What are the main regional lymph nodes of the neck?

A
  • Anterior Cervical chain (On ant jugular, draining ant neck)
  • Superficial Cervical (On EJV, drain junction between head, scalp and neck)
  • Retropharyngeal (Between pharynx & vertbra)
  • Laryngeal
  • Tracheal

Yr2 Head & Neck - Anatomy (9 decks)

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