Week 3 Dry Flashcards
Which bone forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid & temporal bones
What is the Pterion?
A region of the skull where the Frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones come together to form an H shaped structure
What foramina are found in the anterior Cranial fossa?
The foramina of the cribriform plate, contains the branches of the olfactory nerve
What foramen are found in the middle cranial fossa?
- Optic Foramen
- Sup Orbital Fissure
- Foramen Rotundum
- Foramen Ovale
- Foramen Spinosum
- Foramen Lacerum
- Carotid Canal
What passes through the optic foramen
Optic Nerve and Opthalmic Artery
What passes through the sup orbital fissure
III, IV, V1 & VI nerves
Opthalmic Veins
What passes through the Foramen Rotundum?
V2 (Maxillary Division) which then appears again through the inf orbital fissure
What passes through the Foramen Ovale?
V3
What passes through the Foramen Spinosum?
Meningeal branch of V3
Middle Meningeal Art/Vein
What passes through the Foramen Lacerum?
Nothing for our purposes
What passes through the Carotid Canal?
ICA
What foramen are found in the posterior cranial fossa?
Internal Acoustic Foramen
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum
What passes through the Internal Acoustic Foramen?
VestibuloCochlear Nerve
Facial Nerve
What passes through the Jugular Foramen?
IJV/Intracranial Venous Sinuses
Glossopharyngeal, Vagus and Accessory nerve
What passes through the Hypoglossal Canal?
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
What passes through the Foramen Magnum?
Spinal origins of XI
Spinal Cord
A groove is found just lateral to the foramen spinosum, what makes it?
Middle meningeal Artery
What type of Haemorrhage would result from damage to the middle meningeal art?
Epidural Haemorrhage
What grooves start from the internal occipital protuberance?
LAterally the grooves of the transverse sinuses, these then become the S shaped sigmoid sinuses
Superiorly the Sup Sagittal Sinus groove
What is the sella turcica?
A depression in the midline in the middle cranial fossa containing the pituitary gland. Its in the body of the sphenoid bone and bounded by the ant/post clinoid processes
What attaches to the ant/post clinoid processes?
Tentorium Cerebelli
What groove is found immediately anterior to the foramen rotundum?
Cavernous sinus groove (its also immediately lateral to the sella turcica)
What parts of the sphenoid bone stick out inferiorly?
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
Sphenoidal crest in the midline
Pterygoid hamulus (Hook shaped protuberance on the lower extremity of the medial pterygoid plate)
What muscles attach to the pterygoid plates?
Medial - Tensor Veli Palatini
Lateral - Medial and lateral pterygoid muslces
Why do neonates have partially ossified skulls?
It allows them to be more flexible so it can grow during infancy, absorb shock from falls as an infant and be compressed during birth
What type of ossification forms the bones of the skull?
Trick question BOOM Surprise BITCH its both
Flat bones of skull vault = Intramembranous
Irregular Bones of skull base = Endochondral
At what age do the fontanelles fuse?
Ant = 18-24 months Post = Within the first few months of life
What type of epithelium is on the tongue?
Stratified Squamous Keratinized
The various salivary glands secrete different proportions of mucous or serous secretions, how do we tell the difference?
Histologically because Serous acini stain strongly due to their high protein content. And Mucous acini dont stain as they produce largely glycoproteins.
What do myoepithelial cells do?
Surround acini and squeeze to push out the secretions
Which salivary gland is serous and which mucous?
Parotid is mostly serous (darkly stained)
Submandibular is mixed
Sublingual is mostly mucous (Lightly stained)
