Week 2 - Wet Room Flashcards
Sections of the mandible
- Symphisis anteriorly
- Mental spines (post surface of the symphisis)
- Mental Foramen at the front
- Mylohyoid line along internal surface
- Angle Where it bends upwards
- Ramus, the section between the angle and the processes superiorly
- Mandibular Foramen on internal surface of ramus
- Coronoid process (ant process)
- Neck between ramus and condyle
- Mandibular condyle (the posterior process)
How many teeth do we have? (Primary and permanent)
Primary:
- Incisor - 8
- Canines = 4
- Molars = 8
Permanent:
- Incisor = 8
- Canines = 4
- Premolars = 8
- Molars = 12
What type of joint is the Temporomandibular joint
Synovial Hinge & Sliding
What articular processes form the TM joint?
The mandibular condyle
The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
What movements occur at the TM joint?
- Depression
- Elevation
- Protrusion
- Retraction
- Side to side
What are the muscles of mastication?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Lateral Pterygoid
- Medial Pterygoid
Where does the temporalis attach
Coronoid process of mandible
Parietal Bone
What action does the temporalis have?
Note its fan shaped so its ant fibres are verticle and post are horizontal
Ant fibres = Elevation
Post Fibres = Retraction
What are the attachments of the masseter?
- Maxillary process of zygomatic and zygomatic arch
- Outer Surface of ramus and coronoid process
Action of the masseter?
Elevation
Where do the pterygoid muslces attach?
To the lateral and medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate respectively.
Lateral -> Neck of mandible & TMJ
Medial -> Medial side of the mandibular angle
Action of the pterygoids?
Lateral - Protraction
Medial - Elevation
Contralateral medial/lateral -> Side to side
Summarise the movements produced by the different muscles of mastication?
Ant fibres of Temporalis - Elevation
Post Fibres of Temporalis - Retraction
Masseter - Elevation
Lateral Pterygoids - Protraction
Medial Pterygoids - Elevation
Medial + opposite lateral pterygoid - Side to side movements
What muscles produce depression of the mandible?
Suprahyoids except Stylohyoid
So geniohyoid, digastric and mylohoid
Which branch of the Trigeminal nerve contains motor fibres?
MAndibular (V3)
Where does V3 emerge from the skull?
Oval Foramen
Where does the mandibular division of Cr N V supply the muscles of mastication?
In the infratemporal fossa
What branch of the V3 provides sensory innervation to the mandible?
The inferior Alveolar Nerve, It passes through the mandibular foramen
Function of the Nose?
- Traps Dirt/immune function
- Warms/moistens air
- Smell
- Vocal Resonance
- Drains paranasal sinuses
What bones from the lateral wall of the nose?
- Frontal
- Nasal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Maxilla
- Inf Turbinate
- Palatine
What bone forms the roof ot the nasal cavity?
Mostly the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
What bones from the hard palate?
Palatine process of maxilla
Palatine bone
What forms the nasal septum?
- Nasal Cartilage at the front
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid superiorly
- Vomer & palatine bones below the ethmoid
What is the Cristal Galli?
A projection of the ethmoid into the cranial cavity
The Falx Cerebri fold of dura mater attaches to it
What kind of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
Respiratory Epithelium
I.e. Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar Epithelium
What mucosa lines the roof of the nasal cavity?
The Olfactory Mucosa, containing fibres of the 1st cranial nerve
What arteries supply the nasal cavity?
Posterior = Sphenopalantine Superior = Post/Ant Ethmoidal Anteriorly = Branches of facial artery
Function of the paranasal sinuses?
- Buffer Trauma
- Decrease Skull Weight
- Vocal Resonance
What drains out each nasal meatus?
Inf - Nasolacrimal Duct
Middle
- Maxillary Sinus
- Front Sinus
- Ant & Middle Ethmoidal Air cells
Sup - Post Ethmoidal Air Cells
Sphenoethmoid Recess - Spehnoid Sinus
What nerves innervate the nasal sinuses?
Frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoid are innervated by VI
Sphenoid and maxillary are innervated by V2
