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General Psychology (PSY-121) > [Week 3] The Nervous System > Flashcards

[Week 3] The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry messages to the brain or spinal cord.

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2
Q

Agnosias

A

Due to damage of Wernicke’s area. An inability to recognize objects

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3
Q

Aphasia

A

Due to damage of the Broca’s area. An inability to produce or understand words.

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4
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

A fiber tract that connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s speech areas.

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

A part of the peripheral nervous system that connects to glands and smooth muscles. Consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

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6
Q

Broca’s area

A

An area in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. Implicated in language production.

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7
Q

Central sulcus

A

The major fissure that divides the frontal and the parietal lobes.

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

A nervous system structure behind and below the cerebrum. Controls motor movement coordination

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9
Q

Cerebrum

A

Consists of left and right hemispheres that sit at the top of the nervous system and engages in a variety of higher-order functions.

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10
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

part of limbic system, involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation

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11
Q

Computerized axial tomography

A

A noninvasive brain-scanning procedure that uses X-ray absorption around the head.

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12
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost layer of a developing fetus.

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13
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry messages from the brain to glands and organs in the periphery.

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14
Q

Electroencephalography

A

A technique that is used to measure gross electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes on the scalp.

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15
Q

Event-related potentials

A

A physiological measure of large electrical change in the brain produced by sensory stimulation or motor responses.

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16
Q

Forebrain

A

A part of the nervous system that contains the cerebral hemispheres

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17
Q

Frontal lobe

A

The most forward region (close to forehead) of the cerebral hemispheres.

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18
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

A

(or fMRI) A noninvasive brain-imaging technique that registers changes in blood flow in the brain during a given task (also see magnetic resonance imaging).

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19
Q

Globus pallidus

A

A nucleus of the basal ganglia.

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20
Q

Gray matter

A

cortex of cerebrum

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21
Q

Gyrus

A

(plural form, gyri) A bulge that is raised between or among fissures of the convoluted brain.

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22
Q

Hippocampus

A

(plural form, hippocampi) A nucleus inside (medial) the temporal lobe implicated in learning and memory.

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23
Q

Homo habilis

A

A human ancestor

24
Q

Homo sapiens

A

Modern man

25
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the diencephalon. Regulates biological drives with pituitary gland.

26
Q

Immunocytochemistry

A

A method of staining tissue including the brain

27
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

a relay center in the thalamus for the visual pathway

28
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

The major fissure that delineates the temporal lobe below the frontal and the parietal lobes.

29
Q

Lesion studies

A

A surgical method in which a part of the animal brain is removed to study its effects on behavior or function.

30
Q

Limbic system

A

A loosely defined network of nuclei in the brain involved with learning and emotion.

31
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

Or MRI is a brain imaging noninvasive technique that uses magnetic energy to generate brain images (also see fMRI).

32
Q

Magnification factor

A

Cortical space projected by an area of sensory input (e.g., mm of cortex per degree of visual field).

33
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

An area just above the spinal cord that processes breathing

34
Q

Neural crest

A

group of embryonic cells that are pinched off during the formation of the neural tube

35
Q

Neural induction

A

A process that causes the formation of the neural tube.

36
Q

Neuroblasts

A

an embryonic cell from which nerve fibers originate

37
Q

Neuroepithelium

A

The lining of the neural tube.

38
Q

Occipital lobe

A

The back part of the cerebrum

39
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

A division of the autonomic nervous system that is slower than its counterpart—that is, the sympathetic nervous system—and works in opposition to it. Generally engaged in “rest and digest” functions.

40
Q

Parietal lobe

A

The primary somatosensory (sense) cortex

Body sensations (e.g., touch, pain, skin temperature)

Damage affects spatial attention (can identify what an object is, but not where it is)

41
Q

Pons

A

A bridge that connects the cerebral cortex with the medulla

42
Q

Positron Emission Tomography

A

(or PET) An invasive procedure that captures brain images with positron emissions from the brain after the individual has been injected with radio-labeled isotopes.

43
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

A strip of cortex just in front of the central sulcus that is involved with motor control.

44
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

A strip of cerebral tissue just behind the central sulcus engaged in sensory reception of bodily sensations.

45
Q

Rostrocaudal

A

A front-back plane used to identify anatomical structures in the body and the brain.

46
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles

47
Q

Spina bifida

A

A developmental disease of the spinal cord

48
Q

Sulcus

A

a groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain.

49
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

A division of the autonomic nervous system

“FIGHT OR FLIGHT”

50
Q

Temporal lobe

A

An area of the cerebrum that lies below the lateral sulcus; it contains auditory and olfactory (smell) projection regions.

51
Q

Thalamus

A

A part of the diencephalon that works as a gateway for incoming and outgoing information.

52
Q

Transduction

A

A process in which physical energy converts into neural energy.

53
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

A language area in the temporal lobe where linguistic information is comprehended (Also see Broca’s area).

54
Q

White matter

A

Regions of the nervous system that represent the axons of the nerve cells; whitish in color because of myelination of the nerve cells.

55
Q

Working memory

A

Short transitory memory processed in the hippocampus.

General Psychology (PSY-121) (33 decks)

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