Week 3 - The Elbow Flashcards
What type of joint is the Humeroradial Joint?
Plane synovial joint
What type of joint is the Humeroulnar Joint?
Hinge synovial joint
What type of joint is the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?
Pivot synovial joint
What ligament provides stability to the elbow?
Annular ligament
What does the Medial/Ulnar Collateral Ligament resist?
Valgus stress
What are the bundles of the Medial/Ulnar Collateral Ligament?
- Anterior bundle
- Posterior bundle
- Transverse part
What does the Lateral/Radial Collateral Ligament resist?
Varus stress
What is a common cause of subluxation of the radial head?
Sudden longitudinal pull on forearm while pronated
What symptoms indicate subluxation of the radial head?
- Arm held close to body
- Elbow pronated, slightly flexed
- Pain on supination
- NO swelling/bony tenderness
How is subluxation of the radial head treated?
- Supination & flexion
- Hyperpronation
What is the normal range of cubitus valgus?
5-15 degrees
What does a positive Valgus Stress test indicate?
Pain or excessive laxity compared to contralateral side
What condition is indicated by cubitus varus?
Gunstock deformity
What causes Olecranon Bursitis?
- Sudden or prolonged pressure on olecranon
- Repetitive throwing
- RA
- Gout
- Infection
What are the symptoms of Olecranon Bursitis?
- Tender swelling
- Extension unimpeded & relieves pain
What is the primary innervation of the forearm muscles?
Median nerve
Which muscles are innervated by the Ulnar nerve?
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Medial ½ of flexor digitorum profundus
What is Medial Epicondylitis commonly known as?
Golfer’s elbow
What is Lateral Epicondylitis commonly known as?
Tennis elbow
What are the boundaries of the Cubital Fossa?
- Superior – imaginary line between epicondyles
- Medial – pronator teres
- Lateral – Brachioradialis
- Floor – brachialis
- Roof – bicipital aponeurosis
What structures are contained within the Cubital Fossa?
- Biceps brachii tendon
- Brachial artery & veins
- Median nerve
- Median cubital vein
Which veins are involved in blood drainage of the arm?
- Cephalic vein
- Basilic vein
- Medial cubital vein
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorium
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles are considered supinators of the forearm?
- Supinator
- Biceps brachii
Which arteries provide blood supply to the forearm?
- Axillary artery
- Brachial artery
- Radial artery
- Ulnar artery
What is the role of the brachial artery branches?
Ensure perfusion in any elbow position
What is the arm also known as?
Brachium
What are the two fascial intermuscular septa in the arm attached to?
Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the humerus
How is the upper arm divided?
Into anterior and posterior osseofascial compartments
What are the muscles found in the anterior compartment of the arm?
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis
What is the motor nerve supply for the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the blood supply for the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachial artery
What structures pass through the anterior osseofascial compartment?
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
- Ulnar nerve
- Brachial artery
- Basilic vein
- Radial nerve (lower part)
What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the arm?
Triceps brachii
What is the motor nerve supply for the posterior compartment of the arm?
Radial nerve
What is the blood supply for the posterior compartment of the arm?
- Profunda brachii artery
- Ulnar collateral arteries
What structures pass through the posterior osseofascial compartment?
- Radial nerve
- Ulnar nerve
- Profunda brachii vessels
What is the cubital fossa?
A triangular depression in the anterior aspect of the elbow
What are the lateral and medial boundaries of the cubital fossa?
- Laterally: Brachioradialis muscle
- Medially: Pronator teres muscle
What forms the base of the cubital fossa triangle?
Imaginary line drawn between the two epicondyles of the humerus
What muscles form the floor of the cubital fossa?
- Supinator muscle (laterally)
- Brachialis muscle (medially)
What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?
Skin and fascia, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis
What structures are contained within the cubital fossa from medial to lateral?
- Median nerve
- Bifurcation of the brachial artery into ulnar and radial arteries
- Tendon of the biceps muscle
- Radial nerve and its deep branch
