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Anatomy of the Limbs & Back > Bones of the Upper Limb & Shoulder Girdle > Flashcards

Bones of the Upper Limb & Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Shoulder Girdle?

A
  • Manipulation of environment (not locomotion)
  • Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton
  • Clavicle acts as ‘strut’ (transmits force to axial skeleton/Gives upper arm reach)
  • High mobility, low stability
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2
Q

Bones of the shoulder girdle & Upper Limbs?

A
  • Manubrium of sternum
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
  • Radius
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
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3
Q

Joints of the Upper Limb & Shoulder Girdle?

A
  • SternoClavicular
  • AcromioClavicular
  • GlenoHumeral
  • HumeroUlnar
  • RadioUlnar
  • Distal RadioUlnar
  • RadioCarpal
  • InterCarpal
  • CarpoMetacarpal
  • MetacarpoPhlangeal
  • InterPhalangeal
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4
Q

Articulations of the Sternum:

A
  • Syncondrosis of 1st rib
  • Sternocostal joint of 2nd rib
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5
Q

Origins/Insertions of the Sternum:

A
  • Pectorialis Major
  • One head of the Sternocleidomastoid
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6
Q

The Manubrium of Sternum is:

A
  • A flat bone
  • Quadrangular shape
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7
Q

Articulations of the Clavicle:

A
  • Manubrium of Sternum
  • Acromion of Scapula
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8
Q

Origins/Insertions of the Clavicle:

A
  • Deltoid -> Anteriorly on Lateral 3rd
  • Trapezius -> Posteriorly on Lateral 3rd
  • Subclavius -> Subclavian Groove
  • Pectorialis Major -> Anteriorly on medial 3rd
  • Sternocleidomastoid -> Superiorly on medial 3rd
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9
Q

The Clavicle is:

A
  • A long bone
  • Superior is smooth, inferior is rough
  • S-shaped
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10
Q

Landmarks on the clavicle:

A
  • Sternal & Acromial ends
  • Impression of costoclavicular ligament
  • Deltoid tubercle
  • Conoid tubercle
  • Trapezoid line
  • Subclavian groove
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11
Q

What does the scapula connect

A

Humerus & Clavicle

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12
Q

Landmarks of the Scapula:

A
  • Lateral border
  • Medial border
  • Superior border
  • Inferior angle
  • Lateral angle
  • Spine
  • Acromion
  • Coracoid process
  • Suprascapular notch
  • Supraspinous fossa
  • Infraspinous fossa
  • Subscapular fossa
  • Glenoid cavity
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13
Q

Articulations of the Scapula:

A
  • Lateral ends of Clavicle
  • Head of Humerus
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14
Q

Origins/Insertions of the Scapula:

A
  • Supraspinatus (Origin)
  • Infraspinatus (Origin)
  • Subscapularis (Origin)
  • Deltoid (Origin)
  • Serratus Anterior (Insertion)
  • Rhomboid Major (Insertion)
  • Rhomboid Minor (Insertion)
  • Levator Scapulae (Insertion)
  • Teres Major (Insertion)
  • Teres Minor (Insertion)
  • Pectorialis Minor (Insertion)
  • Long head of Triceps Brachii (Origin)
  • Long head of Biceps Brachii (Origin)
  • Short head of Biceps Brachii (Origin)
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15
Q

What bone type is the Humerus?

A

Long Bone

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16
Q

Landmarks of the Humerus:

A
  • Head
  • Greater Tubercle
  • Lesser Tubercle
  • Intertubercular groove
  • Deltoid Tuberosity
  • Medial Epicondyle
  • Lateral Epicondyle
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea
  • Radial Groove
  • Olecranon Fossa
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17
Q

Articulations of the Humerus:

A
  • Glenoid Process of Scapula
  • Radius
  • Ulnar
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18
Q

Origins/Insertions of the Humerus:

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
  • Pectorialis Major
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Deltoid Muscle
  • Teres Major
  • Teres Minor
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  • Extensor Digitorum
  • Extensor Digitorum Minimi
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Protonator Teres
  • Flexor Carpi Radialis
  • Palmaris Longus
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
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19
Q

What is the shape of the Ulna?

A

Wide at proximal end but narrow at distal end

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20
Q

Landmarks of the Ulna:

A
  • Olecranon Process (posterior proximal)
  • Trochlear Notch
  • Styloid Process of Ulna
  • Head of Ulna (Articulates with Wrist via Disc of Fibrocartilage)
  • Radial Notch (Articulates with Head of Radius)
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21
Q

Articulations of the Ulna:

A
  • Trochlea of Humerus (via trochlear notch between coronoid & olecranon processes) -> when fully extended, olecranon process ‘locks’ into olecranon fossa of humerus)
  • Bones of wrist
  • Radius (Via interosseous membrane [flat, flexible ligament spanning entire length])
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22
Q

Origins/Insertions of the Ulna:

A
  • Brachialis (Insertion)
  • Triceps Brachii (Insertion)
  • Anconeus (Insertion)
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Origin)
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Origin)
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Origin)
  • Pronator Quadratus (Origin)
  • Pronator Teres (Origin)
  • Supinator (Origin)
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus (Origin)
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus (Origin)
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis (Origin)
  • Extensor Indicis (Origin)
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Origin)
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23
Q

What is the shape of the Radius?

A

Thin at proximal end but wide at distal end

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24
Q

Landmarks of the Radius:

A
  • Head - concave (articulates with capitulum of humerus)
  • Ulnar Notch (Articulates with head of Ulna)
  • Styloid Process of Radius
  • Distal End - concave (Articulates with Carpal bones of wrist)
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25
Q

Articulations of the Radius:

A
  • Humerus
  • Carpals
  • Ulna - via interosseous membrane (flat, flexible ligament spanning entire length)
26
Q

Origins/Insertions of the Radius:

A
  • Pronator Teres (Insertion)
  • Pronator Quadratus (Insertion)
  • Supinator (Insertion)
  • Biceps brachii (Insertion)
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Origin)
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus (Origin)
  • Brachioradialis (Insertion)
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus (Origin)
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis (Origin)
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus (Origin)
27
Q

What are the Carpals of the wrist?

A
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
  • Pisiform
  • Triquetral
  • Lunate
  • Scaphoid
28
Q

How many metacarpals in the hand?

A

5

29
Q

Types of phalanges?

A
  • Distal 1-5
  • Middle or Intermediate 2-5
  • Distal 1-5
30
Q

Features of the SternoClavicular joint:

A
  • The only joint that joins limb to axial skeleton
  • Synovial Saddle joint
  • Has an ‘Articular Disc’ for congruence between bones
31
Q

What are the bones of the SternoClavicular joint?

A

Manibrium of sternum & clavicle (medial end)

32
Q

Ligaments of the SternoClavicular joint:

A
  • SternoClavicular ligament
  • InterClavicular ligament
  • CostoClavicular ligament (also the origin of the subClavius muscle)
33
Q

Features of the AcromioClavicular joint:

A
  • joins the Clavicle to the Acromion
  • synovial plane
  • had an ‘articular disc’ for congruence between bones
34
Q

What bones form the AcromioClavicular joint?

A

Clavicle & Acromion of Scapula

35
Q

Ligaments of the AcromioClavicular joint:

A
  • Coracoacromial ligament
  • Acromioclavicular ligament
  • Coracoclavicular ligament (Conoid & Trapezoid)
36
Q

Features of the GlenoHumeral joint:

A
  • Joins Humerus & Glenoid fossa of scapula
  • Synovial ball & socket
  • Glenoid Fossa = shallow -> allows huge angle of movement (high mobility/low stability)
  • Glenoid Labrum (ring of cartilage around Glenoid fossa, deepens socket, helps with stability)
  • SubAcromial Bursa (Acts as cushion, reduces friction)
  • Synovial Capsule (very loose, synovial sheath of Biceps Brachii)
37
Q

What bones form the GlenoHumeral joint?

A

Head of Humerus & Glenoid Fossa of Scapula

38
Q

Ligaments of the GlenoHumeral joint:

A
  • Glenohumeral ligaments
  • CoracoHumeral ligaments
  • Transverse Humeral Ligaments (bridges the intertubercular groove/tendon of Long head of Biceps Brachii passes underneath)
  • Fibrous (articular) capsule (fused with rotator cuff muscles/provides stability)
39
Q

Features of the HumeroUlnar joint:

A
  • Joins Distal Humerus to Proximal Ulna
  • Synovial Hinge joint
  • Uniaxial - flexion & extension only
  • Very stable - due to bony congruency & ligaments
40
Q

What Bones form the HumeroUlnar joint?

A
  • Humerus
    • Medial Epicondyle
      • Trochlea
      • Coronoid Fossa
    • Lateral Epicondyle
      • Capitulum
      • Radial Fossa
  • Ulna
41
Q

Ligaments of the HumeroUlnar Joint:

A
  • Ulnar Collateral Ligament
  • Annular Ligament
  • Radial Collateral Ligament
42
Q

Features of the RadioUlnar Joint:

A
  • Joins Radius & Ulna
  • Synovial Pivot joint
  • Uniaxial - pronation & supination only
43
Q

What bones form the RadioUlnar joint?

A

Radius & Ulna

44
Q

what ligaments joins the RadioUlnar Joint?

A

Annular ligament

45
Q

Features of the Distal RadioUlnar Joint:

A
  • Joins radius & ulna
  • Synovial pivot + articular disc
  • Uniaxial - pronation & supination long
46
Q

What bones for the Distal RadioUlnar joint?

A

Radius & Ulna

47
Q

Ligaments of the Distal RadioUlnar joint:

A
  • Dorsal RadioUlnar ligament
  • Volar RadioUlnar ligament
48
Q

Features of the Radiocarpal joint:

A
  • Joins radius & proximal carpals
  • Synovial condyloid
  • Biaxial: Flexion/Extension + Abduction/Adduction = Circumduction
49
Q

What bones form the Radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius & Proximal Carpals

50
Q

Ligaments of the RadioCarpal joint:

A
  • Palmar Carpal ligament
  • Flexor Retinaxulum (transverse Carpal ligament) - roof of carpal tunnel
  • Dorsal RadioCarpal ligament
51
Q

Featires of the InterCarpal joints:

A
  • Joins adjacent carpals
  • Synovial planar type joints
52
Q

What is the overarching name for the ligaments of the InterCarpal joints?

A

Palmar InterCarpal Ligaments

53
Q

Features of Digit 1 CarpoMetacarpal joint:

A
  • Joins trapezium & Metacarpal 1
  • Synovial Saddle
  • Biaxial: Flexion/Extension + Abduction/Adduction = Circumduction + Opposition
54
Q

Bones of Digit 1 CarpoMetacarpal joint:

A

Trapezium & Metacarpal 1

55
Q

Features of Digit 2-5 CarpoMetacarpal joints:

A
  • Joins distal carpals & Metacarpals 2-5
  • Synovial plane
56
Q

Bones of Digit 2-5 CarpoMetacarpal joints:

A
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
    &
  • Metacarpals 2-5
57
Q

Features of the MetacarpoPhalangeal joints:

A
  • Joins Metacarpals & Phalanges
  • Synovial Condyloid joints
  • Flexion/Extension + Abduction/Adduction = Circumduction
58
Q

Bones of the MetacarpoPhalangeal joints:

A
  • Metacarpals 1-5
  • Phalanges 1-5
59
Q

Ligaments of the MetacarpoPhalangeal joints:

A
  • Collateral Ligaments
  • Transverse metacarpal ligaments
  • Joint capsules
60
Q

Features of the InterPhalangel joints:

A
  • Joins adjacent phalanges
  • Synovial Hinge Joints
  • Uniaxial - flexion/extension only
61
Q

Bones of the InterPhalangel joints:

A
  • Proximal Phalanges x5
  • Middle Phalanges x4
  • Distal Phalanges x5
62
Q

Ligaments of the InterPhalangel joints:

A
  • Collateral Ligaments
  • Joint Capsules

Anatomy of the Limbs & Back (12 decks)

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