Week 21 - Knee Joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Modified hinge joint and planar gliding joint
The knee joint consists of three joints within a single synovial cavity: Medial Condylar Joint, Lateral Condylar Joint, and Patellofemoral Joint.
What are the three joints that make up the knee joint?
- Medial Condylar Joint
- Lateral Condylar Joint
- Patellofemoral Joint
Which bone is NOT directly involved in the knee joint?
Fibula
Name two types of movements that occur at the knee joint.
- Flexion
- Extension
What is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
Prevents posterior displacement of the femur and limits hyperextension
What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
Prevents anterior displacement of the femur and limits hyperflexion
What are the two menisci in the knee joint?
- Medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus
What is the function of the menisci in the knee joint?
- Makes articular surface more congruent
- Shock absorbers
- Lubricates the joint cavity
Fill in the blank: The medial meniscus is more commonly injured because it is firmly attached to the _______ and joint capsule.
medial collateral ligament
What are the attachments of the ligamentum patellae?
- Above: Patella
- Below: Smooth upper part of tibial tuberosity
True or False: The infrapatellar bursa is located between the tibia and the patellar ligament.
True
What are the two types of collateral ligaments in the knee joint?
- Tibial collateral ligament (medial ligament)
- Fibular collateral ligament (lateral ligament)
What is the main blood supply to the knee joint?
- Popliteal artery
- Femoral artery
- Tibial artery
- Genicular arteries
What does the Q angle measure?
The axis of the pull of the quadriceps tendon and the ligament of the patella
Normal Q angle range for females?
10° - 19°
What is Genu Valgum?
Tibia abducted with respect to femur (> 170º)
What is Genu Varum?
Tibia adducted with respect to femur (< 170º)
What are some common risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee?
- Age
- Obesity
- Family history
What is the primary role of the fibrous capsule in the knee joint?
Provides stability and support to the joint
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee flexion?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Gracilis
- Sartorius
- Popliteus
What is the function of the arcuate popliteal ligament?
Provides posterior support and stabilizes the knee joint
How does the locking mechanism of the knee occur?
Internal rotation of femur during full extension
What is Housemaid’s knee?
Prepatellar bursitis caused by inflammation of the bursa
What is the anatomical position of the synovial membrane in the knee joint?
Lines the capsule except posteriorly where it is formed by cruciate ligaments
What are the functions of the retinacula in the knee joint?
Strengthens the capsule anteriorly
What is the role of the popliteus muscle in knee movement?
Unlocks the knee from the locked position
