Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy of the Limbs & Back > Week 1 - Osteology of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Week 1 - Osteology of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle & Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the name of the joint which forms at the sternal end of the clavicle?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What joint occurs at the acromial end of the clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which muscles attach to the clavicle?

A

Sternocleidomstoid
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What ligaments attach to the inferior aspect of the clavicle?

A

Medial - costoclavicular ligament
Lateral - coracoclavicular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different processes of the scapula?

A

Coracoid process - anterior
Spine of scapula - posterior ridge which ends laterally as the acromion process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which muscles & ligaments attach to the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

Pectorialis minor - ribs 3-5
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

Coracoclavicular ligaments
Coracoacromial ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which muscles attach to the Spine of scapula & acromion process?

A

Trapezius
Deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 Fossae (depressions) of the scapula

A

Glenoid - articulates with humerus (Supra & Infra, to long head of biceps & triceps)
Subscapular - subscapularis
Supraspinous - supraspinatus
Infraspinous - infraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the suprascapular notch for?

A

The suprascapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the head of the proximal humerus articulate with?

A

The glenoid cavity of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two different proximal necks of the humerus?

A

Anatomic neck - site of growth plate & joint capsule attachment
Surgical neck - narrow part, (more likely to break)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the humerus tubercles?

A

Greater tubercles (more laterally) - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Lesser tubercles (more anteriorly) - subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscle connects in the intertubercular grove?

A

Pectorialis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major (biceps brachii tendon runs un groove)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve runs in the spinal/radial groove?

A

Radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscle connects to the deltoid tuberosity?

A

Deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 2 condyles of the distal humerus (for articulation with ulna/radius)

A

Capitulum (little head) - radius
Trochlea (pulley) - ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscles connect ot the medial & lateral epicondyles?

A

Forearm muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the 3 humeral fossae (space for ulna/radius when flexing & extending)

A

Coronoid fossa - for coronoid process of ulna
Radial fossa - for head of radius
Olecranon fossa - for olecranon of ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the names of the 8 carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the 3 phalanges

A

Proximal Phalanges
Intermediate Phalanges
Distal Phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the upper limb a component of?

A

The appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List the bones included in the upper limb.

A
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
  • Radius
  • Carpal bones
  • Metacarpal bones
  • Phalanges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What forms the shoulder girdle?

A

The clavicle and scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What defines the arm in the upper limb?

A

The humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What delineates the forearm in the upper limb?

A

The radius and ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What forms the wrist in the upper limb?

A

The carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What constitutes the hand in the upper limb?

A

The metacarpals and phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the clavicle commonly known as?

A

The collar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the clavicle located?

A

Between the sternum and the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the shape of the clavicle.

A

Roughly S-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the first bone to begin ossification?

A

The clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the sternal extremity of the clavicle?

A

The blunt, thickened, proximal end of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the acromial extremity of the clavicle articulate with?

A

The acromion process of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the conoid tubercle?

A

A small, roughened elevation on the inferior surface of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the scapula commonly known as?

A

The shoulder bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where does the scapula lie?

A

On the posterior chest wall between the second and seventh ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the major defining features of the scapula?

A
  • Three borders (superior, medial, lateral)
  • Three angles (superior, inferior, lateral)
  • Two surfaces (dorsal, costal)
  • Three large bony processes (spine, acromion, coracoid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the scapular notch?

A

A notch located on the lateral aspect of the superior border of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What structure bridges the scapular notch?

A

The superior transverse scapular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

A

The suprascapular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What passes inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

A

The suprascapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

The junction of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula

44
Q

What is the clavicle’s role in the body?

A

It connects the upper limb to the thorax and allows limb movement

45
Q

What is the most common type of fracture in the body?

A

Clavicle fracture

46
Q

What typically causes a clavicle fracture?

A

A fall on the shoulder or outstretched hand

47
Q

What is the lateral angle of the scapula?

A

The thickest and most complex part of the scapula

48
Q

What forms the glenoid cavity?

A

The lateral surface of the head of the scapula

49
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

To broaden and deepen the joint cavity

50
Q

What is the acromion?

A

The broad, flat lateral extension of the spine of the scapula

51
Q

What is the coracoid process?

A

A thick, beaklike structure projecting from the scapula

52
Q

What is the humerus commonly referred to as?

A

The shoulder bone

53
Q

What are the three main regions of the humerus?

A
  • Proximal extremity
  • Body or shaft
  • Distal extremity
54
Q

What is the head of the humerus?

A

The round, smooth, proximal end of the humerus

55
Q

What is the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

The slightly constricted region surrounding the articular surface of the head

56
Q

What is the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

The constricted area immediately inferior to the greater and lesser tubercles

57
Q

What is the deltoid tuberosity?

A

The roughened triangular elevation on the anterolateral surface of the midshaft of the humerus

58
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis commonly known as?

A

Tennis elbow

59
Q

What nerve crosses the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle?

A

The ulnar nerve

60
Q

What is the capitulum?

A

The rounded, half-spherical, articular process at the distal, lateral end of the humerus

61
Q

What is the trochlea?

A

The pulley-shaped articular process at the distal, medial end of the humerus

62
Q

What is the capitulum?

A

The rounded, half-spherical, articular process at the distal, lateral end of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

‘Capit-‘ is Latin for ‘head.’

63
Q

What is the function of the capitulum and radius at the humeroradial joint?

A

Allows both flexion/extension and rotation.

The capitulum articulates with the head of the radius.

64
Q

What is the trochlea?

A

The pulley-shaped articular process at the distal, medial end of the humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

‘Trochle-‘ is Greek for ‘pulley.’

65
Q

What is the coronoid fossa?

A

The depression on the distal, anterior end of the humerus that receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is fully flexed.

66
Q

What is the radial fossa?

A

The shallow depression on the distal, anterior end of the humerus that receives the margin of the head of the radius when the elbow is fully flexed.

67
Q

What is the olecranon fossa?

A

The deep depression on the distal, posterior end of the humerus that holds the apex of the olecranon process of the ulna when the elbow is extended.

68
Q

What can cause a humeral head fracture?

A

Anterior and posterior dislocations of the shoulder joint.

69
Q

What is the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

A bony prominence that can be fractured by direct trauma or displaced during shoulder dislocation.

70
Q

What is a lesser tuberosity fracture associated with?

A

Occasionally accompanies posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint.

71
Q

What is unique about the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

It can be fractured by direct blows or falls on the outstretched hand and is closely related to the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral blood vessels.

72
Q

What happens when the humeral shaft is fractured?

A

Displacement of fragments depends on the relation of the fracture site to the insertion of the deltoid muscle.

73
Q

What are supracondylar fractures?

A

Common fractures in children occurring from falls on the outstretched hand with the elbow partially flexed.

74
Q

What is the radius?

A

The bone on the lateral side of the forearm that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.

75
Q

What is the function of the radial tuberosity?

A

The insertion site of the biceps brachii muscle.

76
Q

What is the styloid process of the radius?

A

The distal projection from the lateral, distal aspect of the radius that extends lateral to the proximal row of carpal bones.

77
Q

What is the ulna?

A

The bone on the medial side of the forearm that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus and the head of the radius.

78
Q

What is the olecranon?

A

The easily palpable proximal end of the ulna that forms the ‘point’ of the elbow.

79
Q

What is the function of the trochlear notch?

A

Articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

80
Q

What is Colles’ fracture?

A

A fracture of the distal end of the radius resulting from a fall on the outstretched hand.

81
Q

What is Smith’s fracture?

A

A fracture of the distal end of the radius occurring from a fall on the back of the hand.

82
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

A space formed by carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum that conveys flexor tendons and the median nerve into the hand.

83
Q

What can result from compression of the carpal tunnel?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

84
Q

What is the significance of the carpal bones during development?

A

They are cartilaginous at birth and begin to ossify at different intervals until the 12th year.

85
Q

Fill in the blank: The head of the radius articulates with the _______.

A

capitulum of the humerus.

86
Q

True or False: The body of the ulna tapers along its proximodistal length.

87
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the articular surface for the head of the ulna on the radius.

A

ulnar notch.

88
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the carpal bones?

A

Some lovers try positions that they cannot handle.

The first letter of each word represents the first letter of each carpal bone, arranged by row (proximal row first), from lateral to medial.

89
Q

List the carpal bones in the proximal row from lateral to medial.

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
90
Q

What is the largest, most lateral carpal bone of the proximal row?

A

Scaphoid

The scaphoid is located in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox.

91
Q

What shape is the lunate bone and where is it located?

A

Roughly semilunar-shaped, located between the scaphoid and triquetrum.

92
Q

What is the shape and position of the triquetrum bone?

A

Roughly pyramidal-shaped, most medial bone in the proximal carpal row.

93
Q

What is the function of the pisiform bone?

A

It is a small, pea-shaped, sesamoid bone formed in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

94
Q

List the carpal bones in the distal row from lateral to medial.

A
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
95
Q

What joint does the trapezium bone form with the first metacarpal bone?

A

A saddle joint, allowing great mobility of the thumb.

96
Q

What is the significance of the capitate bone?

A

It is the central and largest carpal bone, located between the trapezoid and hamate.

97
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of the hamate bone?

A

The hamulus (hook), which is one of the attachment points of the flexor retinaculum.

98
Q

What is a common injury associated with the scaphoid bone?

A

Fracture due to impact on the base of the hand when the wrist is hyperextended and abducted.

99
Q

What can happen if a scaphoid fracture is not treated effectively?

A

Permanent weakness and pain of the wrist, with subsequent development of osteoarthritis.

100
Q

What is a ‘boxer’s fracture’?

A

An oblique fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone, commonly due to direct violence.

101
Q

How many metacarpal bones are there in the hand?

102
Q

What are the three parts of each metacarpal bone?

A
  • Base
  • Body
  • Head
103
Q

How many phalanges does each hand contain?

A

14 phalanges.

104
Q

How many phalanges are in the thumb?

A

2 phalanges (proximal and distal).

105
Q

What is the anatomical term for the bones that comprise the digits of the hand?

A

Phalanges.

106
Q

What is a characteristic feature of each distal phalanx?

A

The body of each distal phalanx is very short.

Anatomy of the Limbs & Back (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions