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Geriatrics > Week 3: Sensory Changes in the Older Adult > Flashcards

Week 3: Sensory Changes in the Older Adult Flashcards

1
Q

When to age related sensory changes occur for each of the senses?

A

Hearing- 40s
Vision- 50s
Taste and Touch- 60s
Smell varies

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2
Q

What happens to the lens of the eye with aging?

A

thickening or hardening, reduced pliability

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3
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

decreased near vision

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4
Q

What happens to aqueous humor drainage with age?

A

reduced draining –> increased risk of gluacoma

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5
Q

What happens to the pupil with aging?

A

reduced diametes and decreased dilation/constriction, causing ability to respond to changes in light

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6
Q

What happens to the iris with aging?

A

reduced color

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7
Q

What happens to the inner ear with aging?

A

increased pruritis, atrophy of organ of Corti, loss of sensory hair cells, degeneration of stria vascularis

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8
Q

What plays an important role in long-term memory?

A

hippocampus

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9
Q

What is the definition of blindness?

A

visual acuity of 20/200 by Snellen eye chart

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10
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age 65?

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) or maculopathy

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11
Q

What are the macula used to see?

A

fine details

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12
Q

What are the types of ARMD?

A

Dry (atrophy, retinal pigment degeneration, slow progressive sight loss)
Wet (neurovascular exudates, blood or serum leaks from vessel causing scar formation and visual impairments)

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13
Q

What is a defect in vision in which objects appear to be distorted, usually due to a defect in the retina

A

Metamorphosia

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14
Q

What are the different types or cataracts?

A

nuclear, cortical, posterior subscapular, mixed

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15
Q

What is cataracts?

A

opacity or yellowing of the lenses causing blurry vision

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16
Q

What is glaucoma caused by?

A

an increase in intraocular pressure resulting in optic nerve damage and vision loss

17
Q

What is the second most common cause of vision loss?

A

Glaucoma

18
Q

What are the different types of glaucoma?

A

open-angle (slowed flow of aqueous humor),and angle closure (results in infection or trauma)

19
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy caused by?

A

damage ot ocular microvascular structure impairing perfusion to eyes

20
Q

What are the types of diabetic retinopathy?

A

nonproliferative (damage to endothelium of blood vessels causing microaneurysms causing edema) and proliferative (more advanced neovascularization resulting in fragile, leaking blood vessels and retinal damage)

21
Q

What is temporary threshold shift (TTS)

A

results from moderate exposure to loud noises

22
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

sounds are not transmitted to inner ear

23
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

cochlea and auditory nerve creates sound distortion

24
Q

What scale can be used to identify problems in hearing loss?

A

Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S)

25
Q

What is tinnitus? what is it caused by?

A

ringing in the ears, pulsatile sounds caused by turbulent blood flow within ear (objective)

26
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

dry mouth

27
Q

What is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva?

A

Sjoren’s Syndrome

28
Q

At age 30, a person has ______ taste buds and this decreases to ______ by age 70

A

245, 70

29
Q

what is modern cataract surgery in which the eye’s internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye?

A

Phacoemulsification

30
Q

What is a good glucose level?

A

80-120

31
Q

What is a good bedtime capillary blood glucose level?

A

100-140

32
Q

What is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process?

A

Cholesteatoma

33
Q

What is hypogeusia?

A

Diminished taste?

Geriatrics (9 decks)

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