Week 2: Geriatrics Overview Flashcards
What is aging that is the best example or idealized?
Optimal
What is aging that is the most common?
Usual
What is aging that is seen in all humans?
Universal
Aging is influences by what?
Genetics, physiology, lifestyle, socioeconomics
What is the problem with “normal aging”?
heterogenity (diversity), normal does not imply without risk, normal does not imply natural
Why is normalizing important?
helps patients understand what to expect, adjust to likely changes, and identify potential symptoms of disease
What are the modifiable causes of age-related change?
exposure, psychological well-being, cognitive, nutrition, exercise
What are the different factors in the age of loss?
Loss of income, close family, community, physical/mental function, mobility, and social isolation
What are the geriatric syndromes?
Sensory Impairment (Visual and Hearing) Gait Impairment Falls Incontinence Dementia Depression Delirium Poly-pharmacy Sleep Problems Pressure Ulcers
____% of out entire life span is in the process of decline.
75%
What are the parameters of full body decline?
50% genetic, 50% lifestyle
What is the physiological processes that maintain a stable internal environment of the body?
Homeostasis
With are we see a ______ in the capacity to tolerate stressors… but can modify based on ______.
decrease, lifestyle choices
Tolerance to stressors increases with _____ and decreases with _____.
increases in response to exercise, decreases with addition of chronic disease and inactivity
At age 75, the average person (compared to 30) has: \_\_\_\_% brain weight \_\_\_\_% basal metabolism \_\_\_\_% kidney filtration rate \_\_\_\_% maximal breathing capacity
92% brain weight
84% basal metabolism
70% kidney filtration rate
43% maximal breathing capacity
What type of fat elevates risk of heart disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cancer, especially in menopausal women?
intra-abdominal fat
What is presbycusis?
high frequency hearing loss
By 60, most adults have trouble heading above ____ Hz
4000 Hz
_____% of elderly are edentulous
40%
In the CNS, there is: \_\_\_\_ dopamine \_\_\_\_ muscular rigidity \_\_\_\_ step height \_\_\_\_ reaction time
decreased dopamine, increased muscular rigidity, decreased step height, and increase reaction time
in the PNS, there is:
____ vibratory sensation
decreased
There is a decrease in VO2 max of approximately ___% per decade.
10%
By age 70, cardiac output is reduced by ___%
70%
Bone mineral decline is approximately ____% per year, but ______ in the 5-yr-peri and menopausal time period.
.5-1%, doubles
There is a ___% risk for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
50%
Insulin sensitivity ____ with aging, but _____ with exercise
decreases with aging, increases with exercise
