Week 2: Geriatrics Overview

Question 1

What is aging that is the best example or idealized?

Answer 1

Optimal

Question 2

What is aging that is the most common?

Answer 2

Usual

Question 3

What is aging that is seen in all humans?

Answer 3

Universal

Question 4

Aging is influences by what?

Answer 4

Genetics, physiology, lifestyle, socioeconomics

Question 5

What is the problem with “normal aging”?

Answer 5

heterogenity (diversity), normal does not imply without risk, normal does not imply natural

Question 6

Why is normalizing important?

Answer 6

helps patients understand what to expect, adjust to likely changes, and identify potential symptoms of disease

Question 7

What are the modifiable causes of age-related change?

Answer 7

exposure, psychological well-being, cognitive, nutrition, exercise

Question 8

What are the different factors in the age of loss?

Answer 8

Loss of income, close family, community, physical/mental function, mobility, and social isolation

Question 9

What are the geriatric syndromes?

Answer 9

Sensory Impairment (Visual and Hearing)
Gait Impairment
Falls
Incontinence
Dementia
Depression
Delirium
Poly-pharmacy
Sleep Problems
Pressure Ulcers

Question 10

____% of out entire life span is in the process of decline.

Answer 10

75%

Question 11

What are the parameters of full body decline?

Answer 11

50% genetic, 50% lifestyle

Question 12

What is the physiological processes that maintain a stable internal environment of the body?

Answer 12

Homeostasis

Question 13

With are we see a ______ in the capacity to tolerate stressors… but can modify based on ______.

Answer 13

decrease, lifestyle choices

Question 14

Tolerance to stressors increases with _____ and decreases with _____.

Answer 14

increases in response to exercise, decreases with addition of chronic disease and inactivity

Question 15

At age 75, the average person (compared to 30) has:
\_\_\_\_% brain weight
\_\_\_\_% basal metabolism
\_\_\_\_% kidney filtration rate
\_\_\_\_% maximal breathing capacity

Answer 15

92% brain weight
84% basal metabolism
70% kidney filtration rate
43% maximal breathing capacity

Question 16

What type of fat elevates risk of heart disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cancer, especially in menopausal women?

Answer 16

intra-abdominal fat

Question 17

What is presbycusis?

Answer 17

high frequency hearing loss

Question 18

By 60, most adults have trouble heading above ____ Hz

Answer 18

4000 Hz

Question 19

_____% of elderly are edentulous

Answer 19

40%

Question 20

In the CNS, there is:
\_\_\_\_ dopamine
\_\_\_\_ muscular rigidity
\_\_\_\_ step height
\_\_\_\_ reaction time

Answer 20

decreased dopamine, increased muscular rigidity, decreased step height, and increase reaction time

Question 21

in the PNS, there is:

____ vibratory sensation

Answer 21

decreased

Question 22

There is a decrease in VO2 max of approximately ___% per decade.

Answer 22

10%

Question 23

By age 70, cardiac output is reduced by ___%

Answer 23

70%

Question 24

Bone mineral decline is approximately ____% per year, but ______ in the 5-yr-peri and menopausal time period.

Answer 24

.5-1%, doubles

Question 25

There is a ___% risk for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

Insulin sensitivity ____ with aging, but _____ with exercise

Answer 26

decreases with aging, increases with exercise