Week 3 - Pharm Calculations Flashcards
Dose: The _______ of drug to be delivered to a patient to achieve an ________ effect
quantity, intended
A drug dose is expressed as ?
Single dose, daily dose, total dose
Single dose: Amount taken at _______ ______.
One time
Daily dose: Amount taken ________.
Daily
Dosage rate: should be expressed in ?
milligrams per kilograms (or milligrams per pound).
Dosage regimen is the _________ of dosing (e.g. three time daily for 7 days).
schedule
Drug doses are based on:
- ________ and __________ activity: ______
- _________ and __________ properties: Hydrophilic, lipophilic
- Dosage _________ used: Tablet, capsule, transdermal patch, etc
- ________ of Administration: PO, IV, etc
- _________ factors: Age, weight, body surface, liver and kidney function, etc
Biochemical, pharmacologic, ADME, Physical, chemical, form, Route, Patient
How do you calculate a drug dose?
Example: If a 20-kg dog is to be given amoxicillin at the rate of 10 mg/kg and injectable amoxicillin at a concentration of 100 mg/mL is available, the dosage calculation would be as follows:
2 mL
Example: a 20-kg dog is to be given amoxicillin at the rate of 10 mg/kg and injectable amoxicillin at a concentration 100 mg amoxicillin tablets are available, the formula becomes as follows:
2 tablets
Because most scales used to weigh animals provide the weight in pounds, a conversion must be made from pounds to kilograms:
If the order is to just “give a dog 300 mg of amoxicillin”, then the ordered amount is simply divided by the ___________ of the drug to determine the amount to be administered
concentration
Usually, you need to calculate the _______ of a dose, the ________ of doses, or the _______ quantity of drug to be dispensed.
size, number, total
How many teaspoonfuls would be prescribed in each dose of an elixir if 180 mL contained in 18 doses?
180/18 = 10 mL
10 mL = 2 teaspoonfuls
How many mL of a liquid would you provide a patient with 2 tablespoonfuls twice a day for 8 days?
30 x 32 = 960 mL
2 tbsp = 30 mL
32 doses needed
Total dose = size of dose x number of doses
1 kg = _______ g?
1000g
1 kg = ________ lb?
2.2 lb
1 g = ________ mg
1000
1 mg = ________ ug
1000 ug
1 mg = ________ g
0.001 g
1 lb = _______ g
453.6 g
1 lb = ________ kg
0.4536 kg
1 lb = _________ oz
16 oz
1 oz = _________ g
29.35 g
1 ug = ________ mg
0.001 mg
1 ug = _________ g
0.000001 g
1 L = _________ mL
1000
500 mL = _______ cups
2 cups
2 cups = ________ lbs
1 lb
15 mL = _______ Tbsp
1
5 mL = ______ tsp
1
30 mL = _______ oz
1
240 mL = _______ cup/glass
1
A cat in your clinic is diagnosed with pyelonephritis (bacterial infection of the kidneys). You prescribe enrofloxacin to be given once daily at 5 mg/kg to a 10-lb cat for 7 days.
How many 22.7- mg tablets should be dispensed to the client?
1 pill per day
7 pills total
A veterinarian prescribes sulfadimethoxine (Albon) for Coccidia. The patient is a puppy that weighs 8 lbs. and needs treatment for 21 days. The dose of Albon is a 25-mg/lb. to be given once daily. The drug is supplied at 250 mg/5 mL
4
Which strength tablets of enalapril maleate (ENACARD) would be most convenient to dispense in the treatment of an 11-lb dog at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg? How will you determine the strength of the tablets?
2.5
Mycoplasmal pneumonia is circulating among pigs on a farm. The veterinarian orders lincomycin HCl for a 500-lb Yorshire boar. The dosage to be administered is 5 mg/lb/day for 4 days. The medication on hand is 100 mg/mL in a 50-ml multidose vial/bottle.
A) How many mL will be administered to the boar each day?
B) How many bottles of medication does the owner have to purchase to treat the boar for 4 days?
Cimetidine (an H2 receptor antagonist) may be administered to dogs with esophagitis or gastritis. A chihuahua at your clinic is prescribed cimetidine at a dose of 5 to 10 mg/kg by mouth every 6 to 8 hours. The oral solution contains cimetidine at 300 mg/5 mL.
Calculate the dosage range in mg for a cat weighing 9.4 lb.?
• 5 mg/Kg
• 10 mg/Kg
A veterinarian orders clenbuterol syrup for a 200-lb foal for the management of airway obstructive
disease. The dosage is 0.8 mcg/kg twice daily for 3 days. The syrup contains 72.5 mcg/mL
How many milliliters need to be dispensed?
The drug pimobendan (Vetmedin) is used to treat dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) at a daily dose
of 0.5 mg/kg. Scored, chewable tablets are commercially available containing 1.25 mg and 5 mg per tablet Which strength tablets would be most convenient to administrate for a 16.5-lb dog
Ponazuril is an anti-protozoal used in multiple species. In horses, it is used for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona. A veterinarian has ordered 5 mg/kg ponazuril once daily for a 1200-lb horse for 28 days. Tubes of 127 g of ponazuril paste are available; these contain 150 mg ponazuril per gram
How many tubes of the medication are needed for 28-day treatment?
The dose of most drugs used to treat neoplasm is calculated according to the _____ ______ _______ (____) of the patient.
body surface area, BSA
BSA is correlated with the _______ of the animal to convert an animal weight to ____ ____.
weight, BSA m2
Dose Measurement using body surface area
Example:
For large-breed dogs, the dose of digoxin is 0.22 mg/m2. Calculate the dose for a dog weighing 22 kg
The dose of methotrexate sodium for neoplastic disease in cats is 2.5 mg/m2 twice weekly. Calculate the single dose for a 2-kg cat.
The maximum dose of doxorubicin in canine chemotherapy is 200 mg/m2. Calculate the maximum dose for a dog weighing 44 lb.
A 44-lb dog is to be treated for lymphosarcoma with vincristine sulfate, 2 mg/mL. The
dose is 0.5 mg/m2.
How many milliliters will be given to the patient?
How to determine how many mLs are needed?
