Behavioral Modification Drugs Pt 2 (Short Term)

Question 1

When would you use short term/ event medication? How can it be helpful?

Answer 1

Question 2

Can short term meds be used long term?

Answer 2

Question 3

When are the indications for short term event medications?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the common classes of short term psychoactives? What are examples of each?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the Mechanism of action for SARIs like Trazodone?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are indications / Uses of trazodone?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is the most common/ short term event medication?

Answer 7

Trazodone

Question 8

What percent of owners are satisfied with their animals behavioral change when using trazodone?

Answer 8

90%

Question 9

How many/what percent of dog owners seek treatment for their dog for noise aversion (storm phobia, fireworks, etc.), per recent studies
a.) Nearly all or most >75 %
b.) Many (51-75%)
c.) Approximately half (`50%)
d.) Some (~25 -40%)
e.) Few (< 20%)
f.) None (0%)

Answer 9

e.) few

Question 10

Which psychoactive drugs can be used for daily (long-term) AND/OR event (short-term) use? (you may choose more than 1)
a.) Fluoxetine
b.) Trazadone
c.) Clomipramine
d.) Gabapentin
e.) Buspirone
f.) Acepromazine
g.) Lorazepam

Answer 10

b.) Trazodone
d.) Gabapentin

Question 11

What is Dr. Contreras’ favorite medication?

Answer 11

Fluoxetine

Question 12

For noise aversion: What is the intervention that has been proven for success ( the only one)?

Answer 12

• Desensitization occurs -> maladaptive behaviors decreases -> you can reduce dose in these circumstances.
• Works really well for this.

Question 13

When may trazodone be indicated for use?

Answer 13

Question 14

What category of medicine does trazodone fall under? What properties does it have?

Answer 14

▪Atypical antidepressant (via SERT inh → incr serotonin)
* Sedative properties ( antihistamine & alpha1 adrenergic antagonist)

Question 15

What are the important pharmacologic properties if trazodone?

Answer 15

Blue crossed out area will not be tested on

Question 16

What is the dosing frequency of trazodone? What is the efficacy of onset of trazodone?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the positive, non adverse properties of trazodone?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the adverse side effects seen with trazodone?

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the contraindications or reasons to use caution when prescribing trazodone?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is Sileo ? What is the indications/ uses? What is it FDA approved for?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the dosing information for Sileo?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the efficacy/ onset of Sileo?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the side effects of Sileo? What is the reversal for it?

Answer 23

Reversal for dexmedetomidine: Atipamezole (but owners
won’t have access to that)

Question 24

What is important information for owners to remember when administering sileo?

Answer 24

Question 25

What is clonidine? How does it work?

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the uses/ indications of clonidine? What is the efficacy/ onset?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are the adverse effects/ contraindications of Clonidine?

Answer 27

Question 28

Can you suffer from withdrawal syndromes when abruptly stopping clonidine?

Answer 28

Question 29

Are there concerns with specific breeds/ conditions when giving clonidine ? (FYI)

Answer 29

Yes with the high sedative effect, use caution in Brachycephalic's, pitbulls, and animals with regurgitation issues!

Question 30

What is gabapentin?

Answer 30

Question 31

What are the uses/ indications for gabapentin?

Answer 31

Question 32

What is the efficacy/ onset and duration of action for gabapentin?

Answer 32

Question 33

What is the adverse effects and contraindications of gabapentin? What is the most important thing to remember about this?

Answer 33

Most important: ▪Eliminated near exclusively via kidney ▪Caution with kidney disease! (adjust dose)

Question 34

FYI:

Answer 34

Question 35

What is Imepitoin? What are the indications/ uses?

Answer 35

Question 36

Is Imepitoin (Pexion®) used alot in the US?

Answer 36

No its not available here in the us.

Question 37

Is Clonidine prescribed frequently?

Answer 37

No, it is usually just prescribed by behaviorists.

Question 38

What are issues of use of imepitoin? What adverse effects can occur?

Answer 38

She will not ask about these things since she is not 100% certain on if this is true.

Question 39

What are the more commonly used Benzodiazepines?

Answer 39

Question 40

What is the reversal drug for benzodiazepines? What is important to remember about these drugs?

Answer 40

Question 41

What is the benefit of benzodiazepines in terms of its onset?

Answer 41

Question 42

What is the positive uses of benzodiazepines?

Answer 42

Question 43

What are the negative effects that could occur with benzodiazepines?

Answer 43

Question 44

What is alprazolam? What is the Duration/ what is it good to use for?

Answer 44

Question 45

What is the shortest acting benzodiazepine?

Answer 45

Alprazolam

Question 46

What is diazepam? What is its duration? What is its features?What can it be used for?

Answer 46

Question 47

Who should you not use diazepam in?

Answer 47

▪Do NOT use in cats (idiosyncratic hepatic failure)

Question 48

What drug has more sedative properties? Alprazolam or Diazepam

Answer 48

Diazepam

Question 49

What is Lorazepam? What is the duration of action? What is the benefit of this drug?

Answer 49

Question 50

What is the best choice of benzodiazepine for cats? Why?

Answer 50

Lorazepam

Question 51

What is clonazepam? What is the benefit of this medication? When is its use ideal?

Answer 51

Question 52

What is the longest acting benzodiazepine?

Answer 52

Clonazepam

Question 53

What kind of medication is acepromazine?

Answer 53

Question 54

TRUE or FALSE: Acepromazine is an effective anxiolytic

Answer 54

FALSE. ▪ NOT an ANXIOLYTIC → it does NOT DECREASE ANXIETY ▪ It is a SEDATIVE / TRANQUILIZER

Question 55

What is acepromazine? What is it FDA approved for? When is it best used?

Answer 55

Question 56

What is most important to remember about acepromazine?

Answer 56

Question 57

What are potential negative issues that can occur with acepromazine use? What should you be cautious of?

Answer 57

Question 58

What is the time to onset of acepromazine? What is the duration of action?

Answer 58

Question 59

What is Dr. Contreras' preferred medications for separation anxiety, repetitive/ OCD behaviors, aggression, inter- cat conflict, noise aversion, canine cognitive dysfunction?

Answer 59

Dr. Contreras Favorite -> Fluoxetine

Question 60

What is polytherapy? What should you be considering or questioning when you are making decisions about the medications to use in your patient?

Answer 60

Question 61

What is the behavioral issue Johann has? How would you treat Johann?

Answer 61

Question 62

What is the behavioral issue Pedro has? How would you treat Pedro?

Answer 62

Question 63

What is Dr. Contreras' preferred medication uses for polytherapy in animals with separation anxiety, inter cat conflict, and noise aversion?

Answer 63

Question 64

FYI What supplements can you find for various animal behavior issues?

Answer 64

Question 65

What is important to remember when administering these different drugs? What should you consider whenever you are evaluating efficacy?

Answer 65

Question 66

What is the most important thing to remember when managing your, and the owners expectation on the success of behavioral modification medications?

Answer 66

Takes time, don’t give up so quickly. What are realistic expectation for you and the owners.