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Heme Path > Week 3 path RR > Flashcards

Week 3 path RR Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (CD20+) that expands the mantle zone

A

MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

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2
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4+ t-cells that infiltrate the skin

A

Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome

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3
Q

NUCLEOLI difficult to see due to dense chromatin

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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4
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially platelets

A

Essential thrombocytosis

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5
Q

PML/RARalpha in-frame fusion of gene coding sequences which results in a functional unregulated retinoic acid receptor

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

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6
Q

extramedullary solid tumor of myeloblasts or monoblasts

A

Myeloid Sarcoma or Chloroma

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7
Q

stain myeloperoxidase, sudan black and non-specific esterase positive

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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8
Q

presents in teenagers as a mediastinal (thymic) mass

A

T-ALL

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9
Q

Transforms to DLBCL

A

CLL/SLL; Follicular Lymphoma

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10
Q

Clinical symptoms are mostly due to hyperviscosity of blood

A

P. vera

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11
Q

Hairy cell leukemia .s/s

A

weakness, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly

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12
Q

SLE spleen: what about the spleen arteries?

A

onion-skin proliferative thickening of the penicilliary arteries and central arterioles of the white pulp

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13
Q

Pautrier microabscesses

A

Mycosis Fungoides–>accumulation of neoplastic t-cells (cerebriform-like) in the epidermis

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14
Q

GI shows multifocal submucosa nodules;

A

mantle cell lymphoma

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15
Q

Notched nuclei on peripheral smear

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma–>(“Buttock” cells).

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16
Q

Hypercellular bone marrow in all cell lines but mostly red

A

Polycythemia vera

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17
Q

associated w/ EBV

A

Burkitt Lymphoma Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma

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18
Q

Posterior cervical lymph nodes

A

toxoplasmosis

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19
Q

SLE spleen bv histopath:

A

fibrinoid necrosis of the blood vessels

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20
Q

may spread to CNS and TESTES

A

ALL

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21
Q

endocarditis

A

can cause acute splenitis

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22
Q

splenic sinusoids are dilated and have thickened walls with increased macrophages

A

Portal HTN spleen histopath:

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23
Q

Bone marrow: para-trabecular arrangement

A

Follicular Lymphoma

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24
Q

CLL vs. SLL

A

CLL: hepatosplenomegaly SLL: generalized lymphadenopathy

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25
Q

high mitotic index; numerous apoptotic bodies; “Starry Sky” appearance.

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

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26
Q

Marked megakaryocyte increase with bizarre abnormal forms

A

Essential thrombocytosis

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27
Q

rominent blue-black granulation of the cytoplasm (toxic granulation)

A

benign neutrophilia

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28
Q

LAP in neutrophilia vs. leukemia

A

neutrophilia–>Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity is high.

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29
Q

cytoplasmic projections that is pale blue and agranular w/ rounded or folded nuclei.

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

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30
Q

Results in overexpression of Bcl2, which inhibits apoptosis

A

Follicular Lymphoma

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31
Q

localized skin rashes, plaques and nodules (multiple throughout the body).

A

Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome

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32
Q

Tear drop cells (dacrocyte)

A

Primary myelofibrosis

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33
Q

Megakaryocytes produce excess platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) causing marrow fibrosis

A

Primary myelofibrosis

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34
Q

Gamna-Gandy bodies

A

fibrotic iron-laden nodules; seen in Portal Hypertension

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35
Q

characteristically arises in epithelial tissues such as stomach, salivary glands, GI tract lungs and the orbit.

A

Extra nodal Marginal Zone Bcell lymphoma

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36
Q

“Starry Sky” pattern of benign follicles

A

Follicular Hyperplasia

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37
Q

throbbing/burning sensation of hands and feet–> erythromelalgia

A

Essential thrombocytosis

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38
Q

Increased risk of venous thrombosis

A

P. vera

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39
Q

Sao, is low, and EPO is increased.

A

reactive polycythemia due to high altitude or lung disease

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40
Q

cigarette smoking radiation chemotherapy

A

AML

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41
Q

CD45+ cells

A

Hairy cell leukemia

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42
Q

constantly active tyrosine kinase (abl)

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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43
Q

follicular lymphoma vs. follicular hyperplasia

A

tingible body macrophages are present in follicular hyperplasia; lymphoma is monoclona; hyperplasia is POLYclonal;

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44
Q

Hyperplasia of the deep cortex or paracortex

A

T-Cell Lymphadenopathy

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45
Q

Proliferation of megakaryoblasts; lack MPO; associated w/ Down Syndrome

A

M7-Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL):

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46
Q

Excess glucocerebrosides

A

Gaucher disease

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47
Q

cutaneous ulcers of feet (malleoli)

A

Felty syndrome

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48
Q

lymph nodes that drain acute bacterial infections

A

Acute suppurative or necrotizing lymphadenitis

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49
Q

T-cell tumor in Southern China and Carribean

A

Adult T cell lymphoma

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50
Q

Splenic infarcts

A

wedge-shaped

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51
Q

Negative leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain

A

CML

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52
Q

wedge shaped red due to hemorrhage

A

Recent infarcts spleen

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53
Q

strongly reactive for MPO or Sudan Black

A

M3-AML: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

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54
Q

t(9;22) (Philadelphia chromosome) which generates a BCR-ABL fusion protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity

A

CML

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55
Q

associated with chronic inflamm. conditions such as Sjogren’s Hashimoto thyroiditis H. pylori gastritis

A

Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma

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56
Q

Adult T cell lymphoma vs Mycoses Fungoides

A

adult–> hypercalcemia; Mycoses–> pautrier microabscess; cerebriform nuclei; BOTH cause cutaneous lesions;

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57
Q

Treatment: all trans retinoic acid

A

M3-AML: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

58
Q

fatigue (due to anemia); fever and infections (from neutropenia); bleeding (from thrombocytopenia)

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

59
Q

Maxillary/mandibular masses–> jaw

A

African Type Burkitt Lymphoma

60
Q

Abdominal tumors of bowel

A

Sporadic Non-Endemic type Burkitt Lymphoma

61
Q

wedge shaped pale gray or white

A

Older, more fibrotic infarcts of spleen

62
Q

Fungal infections are common;

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

63
Q

Enlarging spleen suggests accelerated phase of disease; transformation to acute leukemia usually follows shortly thereafter

64
Q

positive for cytoplasmic staining for MPO.

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

65
Q

seen in lymph nodes that are draining a tissue with cancer.

A

Sinus Histiocytosis

66
Q

Erythrocytes and hemosiderin pigment in macrophages:

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

67
Q

Can transform to AML (2/3 of cases) or ALL (1/3 of cases) since mutation is in a pluripotent stem cell,

68
Q

B cell reaction which can cause enlarged lymph nodes

A

Follicular hyperplasia

69
Q

CNS symptoms due to meningeal spread.

A

ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

70
Q

Interfollicular hyperplasias associated with:

A

viral infections SLE

71
Q

Markers: Pan B-cell makers (CD19 and CD20) + t(8, 14).

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

72
Q

tumor cells infected with KSHV/HHV-8; type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A

Primary Effusion Lymphoma

73
Q

histopath: ncreased macrophages in the subcapsular and trabecular sinuses

A

Sinus Histiocytosis

74
Q

cutaneous and oral bleeding (petechiae are small dot-like hemorrhages and ecchymoses are larger hemorrhages),

75
Q

SLE lymphadenopathy location

A

Interfollicular hyperplasias

76
Q

mixed hyperplasia: follicular hyperplasia with plump pink macrophages in the interfollicular areas

A

Toxoplasmosis

77
Q

Markedly hypercellular bone marrow; no ERYTHROID lineage;

78
Q

myeloblasts encroach the bone marrow and suppress normal hematopoiesis–>granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

79
Q

blasts characteristically infiltrate gum

A

M5-Acute monoblastic/monocytic Leukemia (AMoL)

80
Q

obliterative marrow fibrosis pancytopenia

A

Primary myelofibrosis

81
Q

Associations: autoimmune hemolytic anemia or autoimmune thrombocytopenia

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/ SLL)

82
Q

pruritis at night

A

Polycythemia vera

83
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

(9;22)(q34;q11)

84
Q

Interfollicular Hyperplasia

A

T cell reactions

85
Q

large blue cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Dohle bodies; seen in benign neutrophilia

86
Q

Painful LAD

A

lymph nodes that are draining a region of acute infection (

87
Q

seen in allergic reactions, helminth (worm) infections

A

Eosinophilia

88
Q

focal or generalized NECROSIS within lymph nodes

A

SLE lymphadenopathy:

89
Q

rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and granulocytopenia

A

Felty syndrome

90
Q

Anthracotic pigment in macrophages:

A

mediastinal lymph nodes being degraded

91
Q

Morphology: Diffuse proliferation Large cells (5x size of normal lymphocyte) Prominent nucleoli Numerous mitosis

92
Q

bone pain

A

multiple myeloma acute lymphocytic leukemia

93
Q

numerous apoptotic bodies; present and not present?

A

Present–>Burkitt Lymphoma;ALL

Not present–> Follicular

94
Q

follicular hyperplasia and suppurative granulomas with neutrophils and macrophages

A

Cat scratch disease

95
Q

large lymphocytes w/ characteristic vacuoles, high mitotic index

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

96
Q

Disruption of normal lymph node architecture (maintained in follicular hyperplasia)

A

Follicular lymphoma

97
Q

↓serum EPO levels

A

Polycythemia vera

98
Q

PAS +, TdT+ and myeloperoxidase negative.

99
Q

onion-skin proliferative thickening of the penicilliary arteries and central arterioles of the white pulp

A

SLE spleen

100
Q

lysosomal storage disease–>sphingomyelin

A

Niemann-Pick

101
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially megakaryocytes

A

Primary myelofibrosis

102
Q

osteosclerosis of the bone marrow;

A

Primary myelofibrosis

103
Q

frequently present w/ DIC

A

M3-AML: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

104
Q

Warburg effect: genes promoting aerobic glycolysis.

A

overexpression of c-myc oncogene (promotes cell growth)–> reason why Burkitt is fastest growing tumor

105
Q

Painless LAD

A

chronic inflammation (chronic lymphadenitis), metastatic carcinoma, or lymphoma.

106
Q

Mediastinal DLBCL

A

young women who are immunocompromised—can spread to abdominal viscera and CNS

107
Q

associated w/ Down Syndrome

A

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

108
Q

lack of apoptotic bodies in the node

A

Follicular Lymphoma (due to INC. bcl-2)

109
Q

BASOPHILS are characteristically ↑.

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

110
Q

SLE spleen: what is found in capsule?

A

collagen in the capsule

111
Q

erythropoietin (EPO) levels are decreased, and Sao, is normal or high

112
Q

Itching, especially after bathing (due to histamine release from increased mast cells)

113
Q

presents with INC. neutrophils, metamyelocytes, BASOPHILS

114
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Primary myelofibrosis Polycythemia vera

115
Q

prominent nucleoli and granules or Auer rods in the cytoplasm

116
Q

positive nuclear staining for TdT, a DNA polymerase

A

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

117
Q

Hypogammaglobulinemia—I n lection is the most common cause of death

A

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)

118
Q

germinal center hyperplasia and multiple plasma cells within the medullary cords

A

Follicular hyperplasia

119
Q

non-specific esterase

120
Q

Small lymphocytes w/ “condensed chromatin” and scant cytoplasm

A

smudge cells–> CLL/SLL

121
Q

Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter transformation)

A

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)

122
Q

Richter transformation s/s

A

CLL transforms to DLBCL; marked clinically by an enlarging lymph node or spleen

123
Q

Leukoerythroblastic smear (tear-drop RBCs, nucleated RBCs, and immature granulocytes,

A

Primary myelofibrosis

124
Q

smudge cells

A

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)

125
Q

A coexistent autoimmune hemolytic anemia is evidenced by the spherocytosis and nucleated RBCs

126
Q

infarct on histo:

A

coagulative necrosis with cell outlines lacking nuclei

127
Q

strongly express CD45 and Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

128
Q

Flushed face due to congestion (plethora)

129
Q

characterized by lymphoblasts (TdT+) that express CD10, CD19, and CD20.

130
Q

↑↑RBCs ↑WBCs ↑ platelets

131
Q

spleens appear small and fibrotic

A

Sickle cell anemia

132
Q

tumor of CD4+ T-cell

A

Adult T cell lymphoma Mycoses Fungoides

133
Q

characterized by lymphoblasts (TdT+) that express markers ranging from CD2 to CD8 (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD7).

134
Q

SLE lymphadenopathy:

A

focal or generalized NECROSIS within lymph nodes along with prominent immunoblasts

135
Q

lysosomal storage disease–> histopath expansion of the 1) with 2) filled with undigestible material,

A

1)red pulp 2) macrophages

136
Q

neutrophils walled off by fibroblasts and inflammation

A

splenic abscess:

137
Q

What is the CD profile of Reed-Sternberg cells?

A

CD30+ and CD15+ (2 owl eyes [CDs] × 15 = 30)

138
Q

neurologic disfunction and myocardial necrosis; marked eosinophilia >1500/ul

A

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome

139
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of large B-cells (CD20+) that grow diffusely in sheets.

140
Q

How does the pattern of lymph node involvement differ between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas?

A

Hodgkin lymphoma = localized, rarely extranodal, contiguous spread, non-Hodgkin = multiple, peripheral, extranodal, noncontiguous spread

141
Q

Acute splenitis can become:

A

splenic abscess:

142
Q

lymphocytes with cerebriform-like nuclei

A

Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome

Heme Path (21 decks)

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