Week 3 path RR Flashcards
1
Q
Neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (CD20+) that expands the mantle zone
A
MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA
2
Q
Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4+ t-cells that infiltrate the skin
A
Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome
3
Q
NUCLEOLI difficult to see due to dense chromatin
A
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
4
Q
Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially platelets
A
Essential thrombocytosis
5
Q
PML/RARalpha in-frame fusion of gene coding sequences which results in a functional unregulated retinoic acid receptor
A
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
6
Q
extramedullary solid tumor of myeloblasts or monoblasts
A
Myeloid Sarcoma or Chloroma
7
Q
stain myeloperoxidase, sudan black and non-specific esterase positive
A
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
8
Q
presents in teenagers as a mediastinal (thymic) mass
A
T-ALL
9
Q
Transforms to DLBCL
A
CLL/SLL; Follicular Lymphoma
10
Q
Clinical symptoms are mostly due to hyperviscosity of blood
A
P. vera
11
Q
Hairy cell leukemia .s/s
A
weakness, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly
12
Q
SLE spleen: what about the spleen arteries?
A
onion-skin proliferative thickening of the penicilliary arteries and central arterioles of the white pulp
13
Q
Pautrier microabscesses
A
Mycosis Fungoides–>accumulation of neoplastic t-cells (cerebriform-like) in the epidermis
14
Q
GI shows multifocal submucosa nodules;
A
mantle cell lymphoma
15
Q
Notched nuclei on peripheral smear
A
Mantle Cell Lymphoma–>(“Buttock” cells).
16
Q
Hypercellular bone marrow in all cell lines but mostly red
A
Polycythemia vera
17
Q
associated w/ EBV
A
Burkitt Lymphoma Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma
18
Q
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
A
toxoplasmosis
19
Q
SLE spleen bv histopath:
A
fibrinoid necrosis of the blood vessels
20
Q
may spread to CNS and TESTES
A
ALL
21
Q
endocarditis
A
can cause acute splenitis
22
Q
splenic sinusoids are dilated and have thickened walls with increased macrophages
A
Portal HTN spleen histopath:
23
Q
Bone marrow: para-trabecular arrangement
A
Follicular Lymphoma
24
Q
CLL vs. SLL
A
CLL: hepatosplenomegaly SLL: generalized lymphadenopathy
25
high mitotic index; numerous apoptotic bodies; “Starry Sky” appearance.
Burkitt Lymphoma
26
Marked megakaryocyte increase with bizarre abnormal forms
Essential thrombocytosis
27
rominent blue-black granulation of the cytoplasm (toxic granulation)
benign neutrophilia
28
LAP in neutrophilia vs. leukemia
neutrophilia--\>Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity is high.
29
cytoplasmic projections that is pale blue and agranular w/ rounded or folded nuclei.
Hairy Cell Leukemia
30
Results in overexpression of Bcl2, which inhibits apoptosis
Follicular Lymphoma
31
localized skin rashes, plaques and nodules (multiple throughout the body).
Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome
32
Tear drop cells (dacrocyte)
Primary myelofibrosis
33
Megakaryocytes produce excess platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) causing marrow fibrosis
Primary myelofibrosis
34
Gamna-Gandy bodies
fibrotic iron-laden nodules; seen in Portal Hypertension
35
characteristically arises in epithelial tissues such as stomach, salivary glands, GI tract lungs and the orbit.
Extra nodal Marginal Zone Bcell lymphoma
36
“Starry Sky” pattern of benign follicles
Follicular Hyperplasia
37
throbbing/burning sensation of hands and feet--\> erythromelalgia
Essential thrombocytosis
38
Increased risk of venous thrombosis
P. vera
39
Sao, is low, and EPO is increased.
reactive polycythemia due to high altitude or lung disease
40
cigarette smoking radiation chemotherapy
AML
41
CD45+ cells
Hairy cell leukemia
42
constantly active tyrosine kinase (abl)
Chronic myeloid leukemia
43
follicular lymphoma vs. follicular hyperplasia
tingible body macrophages are present in follicular hyperplasia; lymphoma is monoclona; hyperplasia is POLYclonal;
44
Hyperplasia of the deep cortex or paracortex
T-Cell Lymphadenopathy
45
Proliferation of megakaryoblasts; lack MPO; associated w/ Down Syndrome
M7-Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL):
46
Excess glucocerebrosides
Gaucher disease
47
cutaneous ulcers of feet (malleoli)
Felty syndrome
48
lymph nodes that drain acute bacterial infections
Acute suppurative or necrotizing lymphadenitis
49
T-cell tumor in Southern China and Carribean
Adult T cell lymphoma
50
Splenic infarcts
wedge-shaped
51
Negative leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain
CML
52
wedge shaped red due to hemorrhage
Recent infarcts spleen
53
strongly reactive for MPO or Sudan Black
M3-AML: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
54
t(9;22) (Philadelphia chromosome) which generates a BCR-ABL fusion protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity
CML
55
associated with chronic inflamm. conditions such as Sjogren’s Hashimoto thyroiditis H. pylori gastritis
Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma
56
Adult T cell lymphoma vs Mycoses Fungoides
adult--\> hypercalcemia; Mycoses--\> pautrier microabscess; cerebriform nuclei; BOTH cause cutaneous lesions;
57
Treatment: all trans retinoic acid
M3-AML: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
58
fatigue (due to anemia); fever and infections (from neutropenia); bleeding (from thrombocytopenia)
acute lymphocytic leukemia
59
Maxillary/mandibular masses--\> jaw
African Type Burkitt Lymphoma
60
Abdominal tumors of bowel
Sporadic Non-Endemic type Burkitt Lymphoma
61
wedge shaped pale gray or white
Older, more fibrotic infarcts of spleen
62
Fungal infections are common;
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
63
Enlarging spleen suggests accelerated phase of disease; transformation to acute leukemia usually follows shortly thereafter
CML
64
positive for cytoplasmic staining for MPO.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
65
seen in lymph nodes that are draining a tissue with cancer.
Sinus Histiocytosis
66
Erythrocytes and hemosiderin pigment in macrophages:
autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
67
Can transform to AML (2/3 of cases) or ALL (1/3 of cases) since mutation is in a pluripotent stem cell,
CML
68
B cell reaction which can cause enlarged lymph nodes
Follicular hyperplasia
69
CNS symptoms due to meningeal spread.
ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
70
Interfollicular hyperplasias associated with:
viral infections SLE
71
Markers: Pan B-cell makers (CD19 and CD20) + t(8, 14).
Burkitt Lymphoma
72
tumor cells infected with KSHV/HHV-8; type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Primary Effusion Lymphoma
73
histopath: ncreased macrophages in the subcapsular and trabecular sinuses
Sinus Histiocytosis
74
cutaneous and oral bleeding (petechiae are small dot-like hemorrhages and ecchymoses are larger hemorrhages),
AML
75
SLE lymphadenopathy location
Interfollicular hyperplasias
76
mixed hyperplasia: follicular hyperplasia with plump pink macrophages in the interfollicular areas
Toxoplasmosis
77
Markedly hypercellular bone marrow; no ERYTHROID lineage;
CML
78
myeloblasts encroach the bone marrow and suppress normal hematopoiesis--\>granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
79
blasts characteristically infiltrate gum
M5-Acute monoblastic/monocytic Leukemia (AMoL)
80
obliterative marrow fibrosis pancytopenia
Primary myelofibrosis
81
Associations: autoimmune hemolytic anemia or autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/ SLL)
82
pruritis at night
Polycythemia vera
83
Philadelphia chromosome
(9;22)(q34;q11)
84
Interfollicular Hyperplasia
T cell reactions
85
large blue cytoplasmic inclusions
Dohle bodies; seen in benign neutrophilia
86
Painful LAD
lymph nodes that are draining a region of acute infection (
87
seen in allergic reactions, helminth (worm) infections
Eosinophilia
88
focal or generalized NECROSIS within lymph nodes
SLE lymphadenopathy:
89
rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and granulocytopenia
Felty syndrome
90
Anthracotic pigment in macrophages:
mediastinal lymph nodes being degraded
91
Morphology: Diffuse proliferation Large cells (5x size of normal lymphocyte) Prominent nucleoli Numerous mitosis
DLBCL
92
bone pain
multiple myeloma acute lymphocytic leukemia
93
numerous apoptotic bodies; present and not present?
Present--\>Burkitt Lymphoma;ALL
Not present--\> Follicular
94
follicular hyperplasia and suppurative granulomas with neutrophils and macrophages
Cat scratch disease
95
large lymphocytes w/ characteristic vacuoles, high mitotic index
Burkitt Lymphoma
96
Disruption of normal lymph node architecture (maintained in follicular hyperplasia)
Follicular lymphoma
97
↓serum EPO levels
Polycythemia vera
98
PAS +, TdT+ and myeloperoxidase negative.
ALL
99
onion-skin proliferative thickening of the penicilliary arteries and central arterioles of the white pulp
SLE spleen
100
lysosomal storage disease--\>sphingomyelin
Niemann-Pick
101
Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially megakaryocytes
Primary myelofibrosis
102
osteosclerosis of the bone marrow;
Primary myelofibrosis
103
frequently present w/ DIC
M3-AML: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
104
Warburg effect: genes promoting aerobic glycolysis.
overexpression of c-myc oncogene (promotes cell growth)--\> reason why Burkitt is fastest growing tumor
105
Painless LAD
chronic inflammation (chronic lymphadenitis), metastatic carcinoma, or lymphoma.
106
Mediastinal DLBCL
young women who are immunocompromised—can spread to abdominal viscera and CNS
107
associated w/ Down Syndrome
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
108
lack of apoptotic bodies in the node
Follicular Lymphoma (due to INC. bcl-2)
109
BASOPHILS are characteristically ↑.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
110
SLE spleen: what is found in capsule?
collagen in the capsule
111
erythropoietin (EPO) levels are decreased, and Sao, is normal or high
P. vera
112
Itching, especially after bathing (due to histamine release from increased mast cells)
P. vera
113
presents with INC. neutrophils, metamyelocytes, BASOPHILS
CML
114
Hyperuricemia
Primary myelofibrosis Polycythemia vera
115
prominent nucleoli and granules or Auer rods in the cytoplasm
AML
116
positive nuclear staining for TdT, a DNA polymerase
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
117
Hypogammaglobulinemia—I n lection is the most common cause of death
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
118
germinal center hyperplasia and multiple plasma cells within the medullary cords
Follicular hyperplasia
119
non-specific esterase
AML
120
Small lymphocytes w/ "condensed chromatin" and scant cytoplasm
smudge cells--\> CLL/SLL
121
Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter transformation)
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
122
Richter transformation s/s
CLL transforms to DLBCL; marked clinically by an enlarging lymph node or spleen
123
Leukoerythroblastic smear (tear-drop RBCs, nucleated RBCs, and immature granulocytes,
Primary myelofibrosis
124
smudge cells
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
125
A coexistent autoimmune hemolytic anemia is evidenced by the spherocytosis and nucleated RBCs
CLL/SLL
126
infarct on histo:
coagulative necrosis with cell outlines lacking nuclei
127
strongly express CD45 and Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP
Hairy Cell Leukemia
128
Flushed face due to congestion (plethora)
P. vera
129
characterized by lymphoblasts (TdT+) that express CD10, CD19, and CD20.
BALL
130
↑↑RBCs ↑WBCs ↑ platelets
P. vera
131
spleens appear small and fibrotic
Sickle cell anemia
132
tumor of CD4+ T-cell
Adult T cell lymphoma Mycoses Fungoides
133
characterized by lymphoblasts (TdT+) that express markers ranging from CD2 to CD8 (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD7).
T-ALL
134
SLE lymphadenopathy:
focal or generalized NECROSIS within lymph nodes along with prominent immunoblasts
135
lysosomal storage disease--\> histopath expansion of the 1) with 2) filled with undigestible material,
1)red pulp 2) macrophages
136
neutrophils walled off by fibroblasts and inflammation
splenic abscess:
137
What is the CD profile of Reed-Sternberg cells?
CD30+ and CD15+ (2 owl eyes [CDs] × 15 = 30)
138
neurologic disfunction and myocardial necrosis; marked eosinophilia \>1500/ul
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
139
Neoplastic proliferation of large B-cells (CD20+) that grow diffusely in sheets.
DLBCL
140
How does the pattern of lymph node involvement differ between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
Hodgkin lymphoma = localized, rarely extranodal, contiguous spread, non-Hodgkin = multiple, peripheral, extranodal, noncontiguous spread
141
Acute splenitis can become:
splenic abscess:
142
lymphocytes with cerebriform-like nuclei
Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome
