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Heme Path > Myeloma > Flashcards

Myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

Renal failure from precipitation of light chains in the tubules (1) results in renal atrophy

A
  1. Bence Jones proteins; refers to myeloma nephrosis
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2
Q

M‐protein is most frequently IgM

A

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

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3
Q

These malignant cells can infiltrate many different tissues (lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney etc.).

A

myeloma - plasma cells

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4
Q

lesions are found in the GI tract or respiratory tract

A

Heavy chain disease

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5
Q

cold urticaria from precipitation of the IgM in cold temperatures

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon in Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

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6
Q

can evolve to full blown myeloma

A

Plasmacytoma

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7
Q

solitary lesion of neoplastic plasma cells in either the skeleton or soft tissue; frequently found in the nasopharynx

A

Plasmacytoma

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8
Q

proliferation of a clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow which results in multiple lytic skeletal lesions

A

Multiple myeloma

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9
Q

The M‐ components of multiple myeloma are most frequently ?

A

IgG (60%), IgA (25%), rarely IgM and quite rare IgD

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10
Q

M‐protein can also be demonstrated in the serum and in the tumor cells

A

Plasmacytoma

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11
Q

To summarize patients may have: (1) from the multiple lytic bone lesions.

A
  1. bone pain, fractures, hypercalcemia and anemia; refers to myeloma
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12
Q

The pathology of the bone lysis is related to secretion of (1) by the malignant clone of plasma cells, which in turn promotes secretion of (2) which then promotes osteoclast activity and bone lysis.

A
  1. IL‐6 2. RANK‐ligand; refers to myeloma
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13
Q

proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells in the GI tract or respiratory tract

A

Heavy chain disease

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14
Q

Κ or λ light chain of immunglobin

A

Bence Jones proteins; multiple myeloma

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15
Q

Translocation IgG locus chromosome 14 fusion partner fibroblast growth factor 3 on chromosome 4

A

Multiple myeloma

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16
Q

lymphocytes produce exclusively IgA

A

Heavy chain disease

17
Q

lymph node or spleen lesions like lymphoma

A

heavy chain disease

18
Q

The bone marrow of patients will contain at least 10% plasma cells some with obvious abnormal morphology.

A

myeloma

19
Q

plasma cells secrete free light chains that deposit in the tissues as amyloid deposits

A

Primary or immune associated amyloidosis

20
Q

Rouleaux formation of RBCs on blood smear

A

myeloma

21
Q

develop full blown myeloma at a rate of about 1%/year

A

Monoclonal Gammopathies of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

22
Q

presence of <3gm/dL of a monoclonal protein in an otherwise asymptomatic patient

A

Monoclonal Gammopathies of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

23
Q

when produced in excess can markedly increase the blood viscosity resulting in (1) impairment, (2) symptoms, excess (3), cryoglobulenemia and Raynaud’s phenomenon

A
  1. visual 2. neurologic 3. bleeding Waldenstrom macroglobulenemia in Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
24
Q

Variant of Malt lymphoma

A

heavy chain disease

25
Q

regulates B-cell differentiation

A

PAX5; Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Chromosomal translocation 9:14

26
Q

multiple lytic skeletal bony lesions frequently involving vertebrae, skull, ribs, pelvis

A

myeloma

27
Q

proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells and small lymphocytes

A

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

28
Q

frequently found in the nasopharynx

A

Plasmacytoma

29
Q

excess amounts of monoclonal protein (called M‐protein )

A

Multiple myeloma

30
Q

Chromosomal translocations IgH locus on chromosome 14 and PAX5 gene on chromosome 9

A

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

31
Q

mostly affects kidney and heart

A

Primary or immune associated amyloidosis

32
Q

Upper respiratory tract(sinuses ,nasopharynx ,larynx)

A

Plasmacytoma

33
Q

recurrent bacterial infections and even sepsis from suppression of normal immunoglobulins by the neoplastic clone of plasma cells

A

myeloma

34
Q

mostly nodal lesions

A

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

35
Q

amyloid deposits in kidney, heart, GI tract and blood vessels causing?

A

renal failure, cardiac failure, and malabsorption in GI tract; refers to Primary or immune associated amyloidosis

36
Q

Renal failure may be seen in up to half of all cases.

A

myeloma

37
Q

mostly bony lesions

A

myeloma

38
Q

Diagnosis of myeloma

A

Detecting the M‐protein using electrophoresis and by bone marrow biopsy demonstrating >10% plasma cells.

39
Q

In extreme cases the malignant plasma cells spill over into the peripheral blood and this is then termed (1).

A
  1. plasma cell leukemia; refers to myeloma

Heme Path (21 decks)

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