Week 3 - Osteology of the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

How is the cranium divided up?

A
  • Neurocranium - bones that encase the brain

- Viscerocranium - bones of the face

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2
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the skull?

A

1) encloses and protects brain and special sensory organs
2) creates a specialised env for the brain
3) attachment site for muscles and meninges

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3
Q

Describe the layers of the cranium

A

2 plates of compact bone with a layer of spongy bone (the Diploe) in between

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4
Q

What 4 bones meet at the pterion?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Greater wing of sphenoid
  • Squamous area of temporal bone
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5
Q

What sort of bone is the mandible?

A

An innominate bone

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6
Q

How is the Neurocranium divided up?

A

Into the calvaria (roof) and cranial floor

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7
Q

Which bones make up the calvaria?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal x2
  • Temporal x2
  • Occipital
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8
Q

What suture binds the frontal and parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

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9
Q

What suture joins the two parietal bones in the midline?

A

The sagittal suture

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10
Q

What is the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures known as?

A

The Bregma

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11
Q

What suture joins the parietal and occipital bones?

A

The Lambdoidal suture

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12
Q

Where is the Lambda found?

A

At the junction of the sagittal and Lambdoidal sutures

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13
Q

List the 3 cranial fossae which make up the cranial floor, and their constituent bones

A

1) Anterior - frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
2) Middle - sphenoid and temporal x2
3) Posterior - occipital and temporal X2

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14
Q

Which cranial nerves lie in which fossae?

A

Anterior - CN I and II
Middle - CN III - VII
Posterior - CN VIII - XII

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15
Q

Which bone allows passage of the olfactory nerves?

A

The Cribriform plate of the ethmoid

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16
Q

Which bone houses the pituitary gland?

A

The sella turcica of the sphenoid

17
Q

Which bone contains both the EAM and IAM?

A

Temporal bone

18
Q

The mastoid process and styloid process are features of which bone?

A

The temporal bone

19
Q

State the 4 regions of the occipital bone

A

Squamous
Condylar - X 2
Basilar

20
Q

What enters the cranial cavity via the foramina of the cranial floor?

A
  • Sensory nerves
  • Arteries to brain/meninges
  • Sympathetic fibres
21
Q

What leaves the cranial cavity via the foramina of the cranial floor?

A
  • Motor nerves
  • Venous blood and lymph
  • Parasympathetic outflow
22
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Wide membranous islands between the cranial bones in the neonate

23
Q

What develops from the anterior and posterior fontanelles respectively?

A
  • Bregma

- Lambda

24
Q

What happens to the baby’s skull during birth?

Why is this beneficial

A
  • Head smaller - birthing easier

- Bones interlock - protects brain

25
Q

What two things make up the skull?

A

The cranium + the mandible