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Semester 4 - Head and Neck > Embryology - Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Embryology - Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What separates and covers the external bulges?

A

Clefts

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What separates and covers the internal bulges?

A

Pouches

Endoderm

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3
Q

How may a branchial cyst form?

A

Persistence of part of the cervical sinus, a space formed when tissue from the 2nd pharyngeal arch grows down to cover the 3rd - 6th arches and their clefts.

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4
Q

What does each pharyngeal arch contain?

A
  • An artery
  • A vein
  • A CN
  • Some mesenchym
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5
Q

From which arch does the internal carotid artery originate?

A

3rd

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6
Q

Which arteries are derived from arch 4?

A

Left - arch of aorta

Right - brachiocephalic

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7
Q

Which arch do the pulmonary arteries originate from?

A

Arch 6

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8
Q

Which arteries are derived from arches 1 + 2

A

NONE! (Ha!)

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9
Q

State which CNs originate from which arches

A 
1st - CN V
2nd - CN VII
3rd - CN IX
4th - CN X - superior laryngeal nerve
5th - CN X - RLN
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10
Q

Meckel’s cartilage -

  • Which arch?
  • What structures?
A

Arch 1

Malleus, incus and mandible

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11
Q

Reichart’s cartilage -

  • Which arch?
  • What structures?
A

Arch 2

Stapes, part of hyoid, and styloid process

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12
Q

From which arch(es) is the epiglottis derived?

A

3 + 4

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13
Q

From which arch(es) is the laryngeal cartilage derived?

A

4 + 6

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14
Q

What is the fate of the 1st pharyngeal cleft?

A

External Auditory Meatus

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15
Q

What structures are derived from the 1st pharyngeal pouch?

A

Eustachian tube

Middle ear cavity

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16
Q

Summarise the derivatives of the 1st arch

A
  • No artery
  • CN V
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Meckel’s cartilage
17
Q

Summarise the derivatives of the 2nd arch

A
  • No artery
  • CN VII
  • Muscles of facial expression
  • Reichart’s cartilage
18
Q

Summarise the derivatives of the 3rd arch

A
  • ICA
  • CN IX
  • No muscles of note
  • (+4th arch) - epiglottis
19
Q

Summarise the derivatives of the 4th arch

A
  • left - arch of aorta, right - brachiocephalic trunk
  • CN X - superior laryngeal nerve
  • (+3rd arch) - epiglottis
  • (+6th arch) - larynx cartilage
20
Q

Summarise the derivatives of the 6th pharyngeal arch

A
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • CN X - RLNs
  • (+4th arch) - laryngeal cartilages
21
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there and how are they numbered?

A

5

Numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6

Semester 4 - Head and Neck (13 decks)

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