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Medical Terminology > Week 3 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Week 3 - Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Where does the term integument come from in Latin?

A

Integumentum meaning “a covering”

The skin is the largest organ of the body and covers the entire body.

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2
Q

What is produced in the basal layer of the skin and also gives it its color?

A

Melanocytes; produces pigment.

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3
Q

Other than covering and protecting our body, what else does the integumentary system do?

A

Regulates body temp, pain, and pressure with sensors that are connected to the nervous system.

And helps the skeletal system by synthesizing vitamin D to help the bones store nutrients and calcium.

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4
Q

Specialist focusing on diseases of the skin

A

dermatologist

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5
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of the skin

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6
Q

Binds dermis to underlying structures

A

hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

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7
Q

Cutaneous

A

Pertaining to the skin

Cutane = skin
ous = pertaining to

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8
Q

Lesion (just meaning)

A

Wound, injury, or pathological change in body tissue

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9
Q

Systemic

A

Pertaining to a system or the whole body rather than a localized area

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10
Q

Therapeutic

A

therapeut = treatment
ic = pertaining to

Pertaining to treating, remediating, or curing a disorder or disease

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11
Q

Where is the epidermis the thinnest on the body and thickest on the body?

A

Thinnest on the eyelids and the thickest on the palms of the hands.

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12
Q

T/F The epidermis is the nonsensitive layer of the skin and has neither a blood supply nor a nerve supply (avascular).

A

True. It is dependent on the dermis’ network of capillaries for nourishment.

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13
Q

What layer of skin is rich with blood vessels (vascular), nerve endings, sebaceous (oil), and sudoriferous (sweat) glands, and hair follicles?

A

The dermis.

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14
Q

What tissue is below the dermis that binds it to underlying structures and its main function is to protect the tissues and organs underneath it to include preventing heat loss?

A

Subcutaneous tissue.

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15
Q

What is included in the anatomical structures called accessory organs located within the dermis?

A

Nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

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16
Q

What are the three different root words for skin?

A

Cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o

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17
Q

sudor/o and hidr/o

A

sweat gland pore

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18
Q

pil/o and trich/o

A

hair

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19
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

The top layer of the epidermis.

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20
Q

What is the second layer of the epidermis called?

A

The basal layer.

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21
Q

seb/o

A

Sebaceous (oil) gland

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22
Q

What does the breakdown of the following words mean?

Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous tissue

A

Adip/o = fat ose = pertaining to
Sub = under/below cutane = skin ous = pertaining to

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23
Q

Breakdown the word

Adipocele

A

hernia containing fat or fatty tissue

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24
Q

lipocyte

A

cell containing fat or fatty tissue

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25
Q

steatoma

A

tumor composed of fat

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26
Q

what are the different word roots that mean fat?

A

Adip/o, lip/o, steat/o

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27
Q

hypodermic

A

pertaining to under or inserting under the skin, as in a hypodermic injection

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28
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of blue (skin)

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29
Q

What does the suffix osis mean?

A

osis means abnormal condition

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30
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin caused by capillary dilation

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31
Q

erythematous

A

pertaining to redness (of the skin)

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32
Q

What does the suffix -a mean?

A

Noun ending.

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33
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

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34
Q

hidrosis

A

abnormal condition of sweat

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35
Q

sudoresis

A

condition of profuse sweating

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36
Q

What does the suffix -esis mean?

A

condition

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37
Q

icthyosis

A

abnormal condition of dry, scaly (skin)

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38
Q

keratosis

A

abnormal condition of a horny growth, or abnormal condition of the skin characterized by overgrowth and thickening of the skin

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39
Q

melanoma

A

black tumor (malignant tumor of melanocytes)

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40
Q

What does melan/o mean?

A

Black

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41
Q

dermatomycosis

A

abnormal condition of a fungal infection of the skin

myc/o = fungus (plural fungal)

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42
Q

onychomalacia

A

abnormal softening of nails

onych/o = nail

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43
Q

pilonidal

A

pertaining to growth of hair in a cyst or other internal structure

pil/o = hair
nid = nest

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44
Q

trichopathy

A

disease of the hair

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45
Q

scleroderma

A

hardening of the skin or chronic disease with abnormal hardening of the skin

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46
Q

seborrhea

A

discharge or flow of sebum (secreted by sebaceous glands)

seb/o = sebum, sebaceous

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47
Q

What does the the suffix -rrhea mean?

A

discharge/flow

48
Q

squamous

A

pertaining to scales (scalelike)

49
Q

thermal

A

pertaining to heat, such as a thermal burn caused by heat

50
Q

xeroderma

A

dry skin or skin condition characterized by excessive roughness and dryness

xer/o = dry

51
Q

What are the meaning of the following words?

leukocyte
carcinoma
dermatoplasty
cryotherapy
homograft
hyperhidrosis

A

white blood cell
cancerous tumor
surgical repair of the skin
treatment using cold as a destructive medium
transplantation of tissue from an individual of one species to an individual of the same species; also called allograft
abnormal condition of excessive or profuse sweating; also called diaphoresis or sudoresisstuntc

52
Q

Pyoderma

A

py/o = pus; pyogenic infection of the skin

53
Q

diaphoresis

A

dia- through, across; -phoresis; carrying or transmitting across or condition of profuse sweating; also called sudoresis or hyperhidrosis

54
Q

anhidrosis

A

abnormal condition of absence of sweat

an- without, not

55
Q

epidermoid

A

resembling or pertaining to the epidermis

-oid = resembling

56
Q

Diseases and Conditions

What word means the scraping or rubbing away of a surface, such as skin, by friction?

A

Abrasion

57
Q

What word means localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection)?

A

Abscess

58
Q

What is a abscess that originates in a hair follicle; also called boil?

A

Furuncle

59
Q

What is a cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue?

A

Carbuncle

60
Q

What is an inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin, marked by comedos (blackheads), papules, and pustules (small skin lesion filled with purulent material)?

A

Acne

61
Q

What is a tissue injury caused by contact with a thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive agent?

A

Burn

62
Q

What degree of burn is a mild burn affecting the epidermis and characterized by redness and pain with no blistering or scar formation?

A

First-degree (superficial)

63
Q

What degree of burn is one affecting the epidermis and part of the dermis and characterized by redness, blistering or larger bullae, and pain with little or no scarring?

A

Second-degree (partial thickness)

64
Q

What degree of severe burn is characterized by destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage to the subcutaneous layer, leaving the skin charred black or dry white in appearence with insensitivity to touch?

A

Third-degree (full thickness)

65
Q

What is the redness of skin caused by swelling of the capillaries?

A

Eczema

66
Q

What is a closed sac or pouch in or under the skin with a definite wall that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material?

What is a growth of hair in a dermoid cyst or in a sinus opening on the skin?

What is a cyst filled with sebum (fatty material) from a sebaceous gland?

A

Cyst

Pilonidal

Sebaceous

67
Q

What is the death of tissue, usually resulting from loss of blood supply?

A

Gangrene

68
Q

What is the external or internal loss of a large amount of blood in a short period?

A

Hemorrhage

69
Q

What is a hemorrhage of any size under the skin in which the skin is not broken; also known as a bruise?

A

Contusion

70
Q

What is a skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow, commonly called a bruise?

A

Ecchymosis

71
Q

What is a minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot of the skin that is a smaller version of an ecchymosis?

A

Petechia

72
Q

What is an elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin that usually results from trauma?

A

Hematoma

73
Q

What is excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women; may be caused by hypersecretion of testosterone?

A

Hirsutism

74
Q

What is ichthyosis?

A

A genetic skin disorder in which the skin is dry and scaly, resembling fish skin because of a defect in keratinization

75
Q

What is a bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture?

A

Impetigo

76
Q

What is an overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of a skin injury (especially a wound, surgical incision, or severe burn) caused by excessive collagen formation during the healing process?

A

Keloid

77
Q

What is a chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered with silvery scales?

A

Psoriasis

78
Q

What is a contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite?

A

Scabies

79
Q

What are areas of pathologically altered tissue caused by disease, injury, or a wound resulting from external factors or internal disease?

A

Skin lesions

80
Q

What is a fungal infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected, such as _ _ _ _ _ pedis; also called ringworm?

A

Tinea pedis, aka athletes foot.

81
Q

What is a lesion of the skin or mucous membranes marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues?

A

Ulcer

82
Q

What is a skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure, usually in a patient who is bedridden?

A

Pressure ulcer.

Also known as a decubitus ulcer or bedsore.

83
Q

What is an allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are intensely itchy?

A

Urticaria aka wheals (hives)

84
Q

What is a rounded epidermal growth caused by a virus? Also called a wart.

A

Verruca

85
Q

What is a small blister-like elevation on the skin containing a clear fluid; large __________ are called bullae (singular, bulla)?

A

Vesicle

86
Q

What is a localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches? Also called leukoderma?

A

Vitiligo

87
Q

What are the following diagnostic procedures?

biopsy (bx)

skin test

A

Removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease

Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s sensitivity to it

88
Q

What are the following medical and surgical procedures pertaining to the skin?

Use of subfreezing temperature, commonly with liquid nitrogen, to destroy abnormal tissue cells, such as unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue.

Removal of foreign material, damaged tissue, or cellular debris from a wound or burn to prevent infection and promote healing.

Tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electrical current; also called electrodesiccation.

Incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, followed by the drainage of its contents.

A

Cryosurgery

Debridement

Fulguration

Incision and Drainage (I&D)

89
Q

What are the following medical and surgical procedures pertaining to the skin?

Surgical procedure used primarily to treat skin neoplasms in which tumor tissue fixed in place is removed layer by layer for microscopic examination until the entire tumor is removed; also called micrographic surgery

Surgical procedure to transplant healthy tissue by applying it to an injured site

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual

Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern

Transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft

A

Mohs surgery4

Skin graft

Allograft

Autograft

Synthetic

Xenograft

90
Q

What is procedure that repairs damaged skin, acne scars, fine or deep wrinkles, or tattoos or improves skin tone irregularities through the use of topical chemicals, abrasion, or laser?

A

Skin resurfacing

91
Q

What is the use of chemicals to remove outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses as well as for cosmetic purposes to remove fine wrinkles on the face; also called chemabrasion?

A

Chemical peel

92
Q

What is any of several laser treatments employed for cosmetic and plastic surgery?

A

Cutaneous laser

93
Q

What is the removal of acne scars, nevi, tattoos, or fine wrinkles on the skin through the use of sandpaper, wire brushes, or other abrasive materials on the epidermal layer?

A

Dermabrasion

94
Q

Pharmacology Related to Skin

Antibiotics

Antifungals

Antipruritics

Corticosteroids

A

Kill bacteria that cause skin infections

Kill fungi that infect the skin

Reduce severe itching

Anti-inflammatory agents that treat skin inflammation

95
Q

What is the most common form of skin cancer, caused by overexposure to sunlight? The tumor develops on skin that is exposed to the sun, such as on the head, neck, and back of the hands and commonly on the face.

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

BCC is a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer that is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis, or hair follicles. Although BCCs rarely spread to other parts of the body (metastasize), they tend to recur—especially lesions that are larger than 2 cm.

Nevertheless, BCCs can grow wide and deep, destroying skin tissue and bone. BCC is most prevalent in blond, fair-skinned men and is the most common malignant tumor affecting white people. Although these tumors grow slowly, they commonly ulcerate as they increase in size and develop crusting that is firm to the touch. Depending on the location, size, and depth of the lesion, treatment includes surgical excision, curettage and electrodesiccation, cryosurgery, or radiation therapy.

96
Q

What are the two major groups of skin cancer?

A

Nonmelanoma and melanoma

97
Q

What is the second most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma and when detected and treated early, it rarely causes further problems?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Untreated, SCCs can grow large or metastasize, causing serious complications.

The incidence of skin cancers is increasing every year, likely as a result of increased sun exposure. Most SCCs result from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from sunlight or from tanning beds or lamps. Avoiding UV light as much as possible is the best protection. Sunscreen is an important part of a sun-safety program but by itself does not completely prevent SCC or other types of skin cancer.

98
Q

What do the following abbreviations mean?

BCC
SCC
bx
DM
dx
FHx
I&D
PE
UV

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Biopsy
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Family History
Incision and Drainage/Irrigation and debridement
Physical exam
Ultraviolet

99
Q

Review

What are the different words that mean sweat?

A

Sudor/o and Hidr/o

100
Q

Review

What means nails?

A

Onych/o

101
Q

Review

What means dry?

A

Xer/o

102
Q

Review

What means hair?

A

Trich/o, pil/o

103
Q

Review

What means fat?

A

Steat/o, adip/o, and lip/o

104
Q

Review

What means “resembling of”?

A

The suffix -oid

105
Q

Review

What means red?

A

Erythem/o, erythemat/o, erythr/o

106
Q

Review

What means dry and scaly?

A

Ichthy/o

107
Q

Review

What means horney tissue; hard; cornea?

A

Kerat/o

108
Q

Review

What means fungus?

A

Myc/o

109
Q

Review

What means hardening?

A

scler/o

Also the white of the eyes.

110
Q

Review

What means sebum and sebaceous?

A

seb/o

Sebum is an oily secretion from sebaceous gland that keeps the skin and hair from drying out.

111
Q

Review

What means scale?

A

squam/o

112
Q

Review

What suffix means carrying and transmission?

A

-phoresis

113
Q

Review

What prefix means self and own?

A

Auto-

114
Q

Review

What prefix means same?

A

Homo-, Allo-

115
Q

Review

What suffix means swelling, hernia, or tumor?

A

-cele

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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