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I&D > Week 3 Day 4 Covid > Flashcards

Week 3 Day 4 Covid Flashcards

1
Q

What helps SARS-CoV-2 resist mutations that could weaken it?

A

Genomic proof reading mechanism

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2
Q

What is a virulence factor that helps SARS CoV 2?

A

Recombination with other coronaviruses that give it mutations to allow it to infect new cell type

Can move species

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3
Q

What protein on its surface does it use to bind and what receptor does it bind to?

A

S- Spike protein binds to ACE2/angiotensin converting Enzyme 2 receptors

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4
Q

After binding to a cell what enzyme activates the S protein causing fusion allowing viral entry into the cell?

A

TMPRSS2- a serine protease

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5
Q

Could TMPRSS2 be a potential drug target?

A

Yes- TMPRSS2 inhibitors have been shown to block viral entry

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6
Q

What host enzyme that is abundant in respiratory tracts does CoV 2 use to cleave S proteins and escape the cell after replication?

A

Furin

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7
Q

How does SARS-CoV-2 cause damage in lungs?

A

Infects and destroys alveoli- inflammation response/leaky vessels which causes

WBCs to plug the airway and block RBCs from picking up Oxygen

Triggers immune system into overdrive causing cytokine storm and tissue damage

Sometimes permanent lung damage

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8
Q

Can SARS CoV 2 be carried in blood?

A

Yes it is how it reaches so many parts of the body

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9
Q

What happens in some Cytokine storms?

A

Multiple Organ failure and Death

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10
Q

What are most variants a result of?

A

AA sub on spike protein which causes conformational change and increases binding to ACE which increases viral load

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11
Q

What variant level is Delta classified as?

A

Variant of concern- more contagious and more serious disease

10 others are being monitored as variant of concern

None have reached the highest level- high consequence where no tx and no vax works

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12
Q

What is major difference in contagiousness and risk of transmission between vaxxed and unvaxxed?

A

Vax = shorter window of transmission which translates to less time contagious and less transmission

Same levels of virus between two

Less symptoms in vaxxed too

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13
Q

How effective Are US approved vaccines against the Delta variant?

A

Highly

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14
Q

Other areas of the body that Covid can attack?

A 
Heart
Digestive
Kidneys
Immune and hematology systems
Psychology 
Neurological systems 
Reproductive
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15
Q

Is the dose of virus needed for infection known?

A

No

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16
Q

3 known modes of transmission and one that hasn’t been demonstrated?

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Deposition of virus on micas membranes
  3. Touching mucous membranes with contaminated hands

Fomite transmission hasn’t been shown to be a thing although virus can live hours to days on surfaces

Still learning

17
Q

Has Covid been detected in breast milk, urine, stool, and serum?

A

Yes but no know transmissions

18
Q

How long has viable virus been shown to stay in air after aerosol generating procedures?

A

3-16 hours

They found virus after non agps but it wasn’t viable

19
Q

Dental guidelines?

A

Pre-questions

PPE

Wait on to for potential positive unless urgent

Technique- 4 hand, high vac, dental dams

Patient placement- Barriers, space and head placement away from air intakes

20
Q

How soon can viral Covid RNA be detected?

A

1-3 days prior to symptoms

21
Q

When are viral loads usually the highest?

A

Usually day of symptoms onset

22
Q

Does detection of Covid Rna mean someone is positive?

A

Nope

23
Q

What are the three Ws and Ds for preventing transmission?

A

W
Wash hands
Wear mask
Watch distance

D
Distance
Density
Duration. Greater than 15 minutes increases risk

24
Q

Why do some people think herd immunity is not possible?

A

Breakthrough infections

Reinfections

Unknown antibody duration

Variants

25
Q

3 different types of tests?

A

PCR- slight chance of false neg is viral count is low- most specific and sensitive

Antigen- looks for capsid N protein antigens- not super sensitive higher chance of false negatives but very specific and if viral loads are high very reliable

Antibody- looks for spike or N antibodies- evidence of past infection only can’t conduct too early

26
Q

If hospitalized what is the current recommended treatment?

A

Remdesivir
Dexamethasone
Blood thinners

I&D (19 decks)

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