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I&D > week 3 day 3: Hep and MMR > Flashcards

week 3 day 3: Hep and MMR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the funny names for Measles Mumps and Rubella?

A

Measles = Rubeola
• Mumps
• Rubella = German Measles = 3-Day Measles

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2
Q

When is Measles transmissible?

A

“window” - 4-5 days before the rash happens and is extremely infections, even without symptoms

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3
Q

What are Measles symptoms?

A
  • Initial: Cough, Coryza (Runny nose), Conjunctivitis
  • Koplik’s Spots -white/blue/grey spots on erythematous base, buccal mucosa
  • Rash Sandpaper -Starts at the head and moves down. May desquamate
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4
Q

What are measles tx? Prevention?

A

no tx, only vaccine 99% efficacy with 2 doses, 97% efficacy with one

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5
Q

4 main complications of measles?

A

Transient immunosuppression

Bacterial Superinfection

Encephalitis

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE; Dawson Disease) - alway fatal

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6
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Mumps?

A

Parotitis 50-70% - major!

Orchitis 10-20% of men

Meningitis 10%

No rash (unlike measles)

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7
Q

3 common things between measles, mumps and rubella?

A

-shedding window before the symptoms arise → contageous!!

No TX

Vaccine highly effective

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8
Q

Clinical Manifestations of rubella?

A

Congenital Infection: “blueberry muffin rash”, inflammation of the eyes, birth defects small eyes, brain (developmental delays), cardiac abnormalities

children and adults: Asymptomatic, rash starting at the head and moving down

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9
Q

What is the concerned population for rubella?

A

pregnant women

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10
Q

example of infection where herd immunity really works?

A

MMR

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11
Q

What are the two Hep viruses that are transmitted fecal-orally?

A

Hep A, Hep E

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12
Q

What are the two Hep viruses that do not have a chronic state?

A

Hep A and Hep E

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13
Q

What are the prevention strategy for HepA? Tx?

A

Vaccination (travelers to endemic areas, chronic liver disease)

Post exposure prophylaxis Vaccination for 1-40yr and Immunoglobulin for >41yr

and sanitation (contaminated food, water or hands)

No tx, supportive care

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14
Q

Incubation period for HepA? Why is it significant?

A

28 days! Even without symptoms people shed the virus for several weeks and continue shedding 1 week after the symptoms resolve

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15
Q

is protection agains HepA (HAV) lifelong?

A

Yes! IgG anti HAV confers lifelong protection

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16
Q

Fist Antibody to arrive to HAV infection?

A

IgM - 5 days before symptoms

17
Q

What is the leading cause of viral Hepatitis in developing countries?

Primary risk?

A

HEV

Contaminated water.

18
Q

What are the high risk categories of people for HBV?

A

IV drug users, Healthcare workers, high risk sex

19
Q

Incubation period for HBV?

A

1-6 months, because non-cytolytic, large window of infectious period (person asymptomatic) !!

20
Q

What are the 4 diagnostic findings of acute stage in HBV? What does each indicate?

A
  1. Serum HBsAg - surface antigen - 1st thing to test for HepB-once you make Ab against surface antigen you are protected for Life
  2. HBeAB - Non-protective but indicates lower infectivity
  3. Core HBcAB - non-protective persists for life
  4. HBsAB-protective immunity (resolved infection or vaccination)
21
Q

What are the three diagnostic findings fir a resolved HBV infection?

A
  1. Normal Liver function test
  2. HBV DNA negative
  3. HBsAG negative
  4. HBsAB positive
  5. HBcAB positive
22
Q

What are the diagnostic findings of chronic HBV infection?

A

Main difference with resolved is that chronic doesn’t make antibodies against surface antigen (No HBsAB)

23
Q

How does HDV infect the host? What are the two options?

A

needs HBV. So HDV is only possible with the initial infection of HBV.

  1. Co-infection: HBV+HDV, HBsAB protective for both
  2. Superinfection: HDV is acquired later and it leads to severe hepatitis
24
Q

What is the most chronic blood-born infection in the US?

A

HCV

25
Q

What Are the risk factors for HepC transmission in US?

A

IV drug users, Sexual transmission

26
Q

What are the two hep viruses which are non-cytolytic?

A

HCV, HBV

27
Q

What are the two health problems of chronic HCV?

A

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

Are AB to Hep C confer immunity?

A

NO

29
Q

What percentage of people are asymptomatic for HepC?

A

60-80% with chronic Hep C are Asymptomatic,

80% of HEP C become chronic

25% get cirrhosis, 5% of HCC

once symptoms began, there Is already damage to liver

30
Q

What is HBV transmission?

A

Blood, perinatal, sexual

31
Q

What ar e the most likely ways of HepC transmission?

A

Blood>sexual>perinatal

32
Q

HepD transmission?

A

Blood, perinatal, sexual

33
Q

What are the only three Hep viruses witch a chronic state?

A

HepB, HepC, HepD

34
Q

What are the prevention strategies for HepB?

A

Vaccination

35
Q

Prevention strategies for HepC?

A

Screen blood products, risk reduction

36
Q

Prevention strategies for HepD?

A

Vaccination against HBV!

37
Q

Prevention strategies for HepE?

A

Sanitation

38
Q

Which hep virus doesn’t have any vaccine?

A

Hep E and Hep C

I&D (19 decks)

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