week 3 (cell structure, cell metabolism, cell signalling, tissue structure) Flashcards
5 components of every cell
cytoskeleton plasma membrane cytoplasm genetice material ribosomes
plasma membrane
protects cell from outside world
protiens within membrane control what goes in and out (selectively permable)
provides a surface thorugh which the cell can communicate with extentral enironment
cytoskeleton
responsible for cell shape
involved in intracellular movement (vesile trafficing)
often associated with cell motive
made ip of larhe fo;aments of a single protien (keratin, actin or tublin
cytoplasm
represents everything with the plasma membrane
genetic material
dna used to store information over long term
depending on the organism, DNA may be circular or on linear chromosomes
ribosomes
consists of serveral protiens and RNA
responsible for building protiens site for translation/protein synthesis
either free ribosmomes which are inside the cell or bound in the cell membrane
the nuclues
nuclues let ribosomes in and out through a pore complex made for ribosomes
the endomembrus sytucture consisits of either rough ER(protein synethesis taking place) or smooth ER
endoplasmic reticulum
rough ER - ribosomes(pores) and site of protein synethesis
smooth ER lipid/steriod synthesis
detoxification
gogli appartatus
the ‘post office’
reieves protiens, modifies them then sends them away.
secretory pathway
refers to the endoplasmic reticulum, gogli apparatis and the vesicles that travel between them as well as the cell membrane and lysosomes
it’s named ‘ secretory’ for being the pathway bu which the cell secretes proteins into the extracellular enironement
consitiutive - constant
regulated - recepetors and enzymes
lysosomes
Image result for lysosomes
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. … They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
creates ATP
electron transport chains create ATP
peroxisomes
Peroxisomes are organelles that create oxidative reactions and play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling
catalase
break down peroxides and creates oxidative stress
collagen
the most common extracellular matrix (ECM)
is more elastic than cellulose and forms a flexible extracellular layer
binds cells together
made of three chains that wind around each other and is very strong
extracellular matrix
the ‘stuff’ that make up the outside of the cells
all ECM in the body is connected to the cytoplasm
4 types of tissues
epithetial
connective
nervous
mucsule
integrin
helps cells connect together
protein bridges
inbetween protein
integreal membran proteins
what are the three different complexes that help keep cells together
tight junctions
adhering junctions
desmosomes(strongest)
cell to cell adhension
consist of integral membrane proteins(integrin) that contact proteins in neighbouring cells that are linked intracellularly to the cytoskeleton
adhering junctions are linked to actin filaments and appear to generate tissue specific interactions between cells
tight junction
results from specificalized protiens in the membranes of neighbouring cells
forms water tight seal between two membranes
very little space between cells, leakage minimum
actin filament
desmosomes
are made up of protiens that link the cyroskeltons of adjacent cells
these proteins bind to eachother and to the proteins that anchor cytoskeletal intermediate fialments (usually stretch resitant like keratin)
are one of the stronger cell to cell adhension types and are found in tissue that experience intense mechinal stress (cardic muscule tissue)
composed of desmosome intermidiate filament complexes which is a network of cadherin proteins, linker porteins and kearin intermediate filaments
adherens junctions
in between desmosomes and tight junction
defined as a cell junction whose cytoplasmic face is linked to the actin cytoskeleton
they can appear as bands enciricling the cell (zonula adherens) or spots of attachment to the extracellular matrix (adhension plaques)
muscular tissue
they are exciteable (can be stimulated)
gerenate force
skeleltal muscule, smooth, and cardic
nervous tissue
dentrites recieve and axon sends information
excitable
transmits information
glia is the ‘glue’ that supports cells and nourish them
connective tissue
can be fat, blood, bone or cartilage depending on the matrix
matrix is created and maintained by cells making up that tissue
lots of matrix
epithelial tissue
can be coverings on the outside/ inside(mususa)
can be as barriers or diffusion
very little matrix
avascular (no blood supply)
always attached to connective tissue or basement membrane
globulin
Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood. They are made in your liver by your immune system. Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection
codenins
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