Week 3 Flashcards
1
Q
what cavity is the lungs in
A
the plueral cavity
2
Q
what surrounds the lungs
A
two pairs of sacs filled with fluid
parietal and visceral pleura
3
Q
how do lungs form
A
plueral cavity is formed then from the trachea the lungs grow into the plueral cavity
4
Q
parietal pluera
A
outside of cavity
5
Q
visceral pluera
A
inside touching lung
6
Q
what does the plueral cavity allow the lungs
A
cushioning that allows it to exist in a more frictionless environment
allows lungs to expand
7
Q
hilum
A
are complicated anatomical structures containing the pulmonary vessels and the major bronchi, arranged asymmetrically
8
Q
right medial lung anterior to posterior
A
right superior pulmonary vein
right pulmonary artery
right main bronchus
right inferior pulmonary vein
9
Q
left medial lung top to bottom
A
left pulmonary artery
left main bronchus
left inferior pulmonary vein
left superior pulmonary vein
10
Q
are trachial rings present on the whole trache
A
no not on the posterior side
11
Q
costodiaphragmatic recess
A
space between diaphragm which is covering the liver and ribcage
12
Q
pericaridal sac
A
the sac heart grows into and lives inside of
13
Q
phrenic nerve (left)
A
coming down from CNS crosing around and behind the heart innervates the diaphragm
14
Q
pericadiacophrenic artery
A
goes with phrenic nerve and supplies blood to the diaphragm
15
Q
phrenic nerve (right)
A
also accompanied by a periacadiacophrenic artery
16
Q
pericardail cavity
A
sac that heart grows into
fluid filled sac around heart
17
Q
parietal pericadium
A
not in contact with the heart
18
Q
visceral pericardium
A
in contact with the heart
19
Q
layers of heart tissues
A
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
20
Q
epicardium
A
outermost, thin layer formed by the visceral layer of serious pericardium
21
Q
myocardium
A
thick middle layer of specialized cardiac muscle
22
Q
endocardium
A
innermost thin, smooth layer of epithelial tissue that lines the inner surface of heart chambers and valves
23
Q
interatrial septum
A
wall that separates the atriums
24
Q
right triscuspsid valve
A
from right atrium into right ventricle
25
crista terminalis
vertical ridge of smooth myocardium within the right atrium of the heart
26
pectinate muscle
comes from crista terminalis
| has some additional contraction of the atria during diastole
27
coronary sinus
picks up blood from veins that are running from the surface of the heart
28
right auricle
crumbly ear on top of right atrium
29
interventricular septum
wall that separates the ventriculars
30
septal papillary muscle
posterior papillary muscle
anterior papillary muscle
holding onto and contracting cords that are connected to tricuspid valvle
31
chordae tendineae
colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart
32
what does the chordae tendineae prevent
back flow of blood from right ventricle to right atrium
33
traveculae carneae
are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart
34
what does the pulmonary artery do
split into right and left lungs
35
aortic valve
left atrium to aorta
36
aorta
carries blood out to rest of the body
37
aorta
carries blood out to rest of the body
38
kardia
greek for heart
39
coronary arteries
come off of aorta
right side- right CA, right marginal artery, RCA posterior to posterior interventricular artery
left side left CA, splits into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
40
cardiac veins
great cardiac vein runs parallel to anterior interventricular artery
small cardiac vein next to marginal artery
anterior cardiac veins- tuck underneath right auricle and go into right atria
great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein parallel to posterior interventricular artery
41
coronary sinus
great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein lead into
| dumps blood into right atrium
42
peritoneal cavity
fluid filled sac in abdominal some organs poke into
43
mesentery
double layered sheet that connecting organs, nerve and blood vessels run between sheath
44
primary retroperitoneal viscera
```
are not inside of perituneum and never inside of peritoneum
kidneys and suprarenal glands
ureters and bladder
rectum
aorta and inferior vena cava
```
45
secondary retroperitoneal viscera
were at some point pushed into peritoneum but later in development got pushed back out
duodenum (2-4)
pancreas
ascending and descending colon
46
all remaining abdominal viscera
are intraperitoneal
| at least some extend need fed nerves, arteries, and veins through mesentary
47
digestive tract
mouth to anus
48
where is gut tube
below diaphragm
49
gut tube
```
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon rectum
```
50
foregut
blood supplied by celiac trunk below diaphragm
| stomach, half duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
51
other structures related to digestive system or get blood supply through mesetaries
liver
pancreas
spleen
52
gland
an organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings
53
midgut
blood supplied by superior mesenteric artery
| small intestine, 2/3 of large intestine
54
hindgut
blood supplied by inferior mesenteric artery
| last 1/3 of large intestine, rectum, and anus
55
stomach
breaking down food chemically
56
greater curvature of stomach
inferior side
57
lesser curvature of stomach
superior side
58
cardia
where food enters stomach
59
fundus
upper bend of stomach
60
body of stomach
majority of stomach
61
antrum of stomach
lower stomach
62
pyloris of stomach
where food leaves stomach
63
gastric rugae
ridges in stomach that secretes stomach acid
64
lesser omentum
part of ventral mesentary of stomach
runs along lesser curvature of stomach
double walled sheath of peritoneum which connects stomach to liver
65
2 parts of lesser omentum
hepatogastric ligaments
| hepatoduodenal ligaments
66
hepatogatric ligament
connects liver to stomach
67
hepatoduodenal ligaments
connects liver to 1st part of duodenum
68
greater omentum
part of dorsal mesentary of stomach
runs along greater curvature of stomach
connects stomach to transverse colon, spleen, and diaphragm
69
3 ligaments of greater omentum
gastrocolic ligament
gatrosplenic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament
70
gastrocolic ligament
stomach to transverse colon
71
gastrosplenic ligament
stomach to spleen
72
gastrophrenic ligament
stomach to diaphragm
73
duodenum
connects stomach to small intestine
74
4 parts of duodenum
1- intraperitoneal
| 2-4 secondarily retroperitoneal
75
plicae circularis
ridges in duodenum
76
common bile duct
runs from liver and gallbladder into second part of duodenum
| where bile is brought into digestive system
77
where is excesses bile stored
gallbladder
78
where is bile produced
liver
79
what is bile used for
helping digest fats
80
main pancreatic duct
connects pancreas to duodenum
| brings digestive enzymes created by pancreas into digestive system
81
what ducts join the 2nd part of the duodenum at the same place
main pancreatic duct and bile duct
82
liver
one of largest organs
found kind of superior and to right of stomach
has large connection to diaphragm
83
4 main functions of liver
metabolic
bile production
storage and filtration of blood
blood coagulating factors
84
metabolic function of liver
stores glucose in form of glycogen
| stores vitamins A, B12, D
85
bile production and secretion of liver
emulsification of fats
86
storage and filtration of blood in liver
up to 1L of blood at any one time
phagocyte cell clear bacteria
detoxifying a lot of the blood
87
ligamentum teres
obliterated umbilical cord
88
falciform ligament and ligamentum teres
anterior of liver
| reminisce of umbilical vein
89
liver lobes
left and right lobes seperated by falciform ligament and ligamentum teres
90
ligamentum venosum
remains of ductus venosus
91
ductus venosus
in fetus, shunts clean, placental blood from umbibical vein to IVC, bypasing the liver
92
gallbladder
on posertior inferior of liver
93
porta hepatis
entry and exit route for all of tubes that connect either to liver or gallbladder stuck to surface of liver and
94
portal triad
hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
bile passages
95
pancreas parts
head and body- secondarily retroperitoneal
| tail- intraparitoneal
96
pancreas major functions
secretion of digestive enzymes
| insulin synthesis
97
main pancreatic duct
runs through pancreas
| picks up fluids and enzymes created by the pancreas to join up with common bile duct
98
major functions of spleen
produces lymphocytes
holds reserve of blood
removes old RBCs
99
where are broken down RBCs sent
to the liver to be used in bile synthesis
100
where is spleen located
upper left quadrant of abdoment
| located deep to lateral aspect of ribs 9-11
101
arcades
anastomosing loops which connect to each other and back to the intestinal arteries
102
vasa recta
straight arteries run from arcades to intestine
103
superior mesentary artery blood flow
intestinal artieries
arcades
vasa recta
104
what comes off duodenum
1st part of small intestine
| jejunum
105
jejunum
```
absorbs carbs and proteins
larger diameter
fewer arterial arcades
more plicae circulares
less mesenteric fat
```
106
ileum
```
absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and remaining digestive products
smaller diameter
more arcades
fewer (or no) plicae circulares
more mesenteric fat
```
107
what is the function of plicae circulares
to increase surface area to allow for more digestion of food
108
ileocecal transition
end of ileum meets up with beginning of colon (large intestine)
109
cecum
pouch that connects large intestine to small intestine
110
vermiform appendix
appendix off bottom of large intestine
| always present
111
ascending colon
1st part
112
transverse colon
goes to side
113
descending colon
goes down
114
sigmoid colon
goes to side
115
rectum
from sigmoid colon to anus
116
transition from midgut to hind gut
about 2/3 of transverse colon
117
haustrae in large intestine
small segmented pouches of bowel separated by the haustral folds
118
appendices epiploica
pouches of fat handing off of taenia coli
119
appendices epiploica
pouches of fat handing off of taenia coli
120
marginal artery
| artery of Drummond
from superior mesentrary artery to inferior mesentary artery
supplies a lot of those anostomosis with blood
for providing redundancy of blood
121
posterior abdominal wall
kidney- behind paretoneum surrounded by a renal capsule
| suprarenal gland
122
what can kidneys be enveloped in
fat
123
hilum in kidney
renal artery and vein
| ureters
124
ureter
urine from kidney down to bladder
125
cortex of kidney
lined tissue that make up the kidney
126
renal columns
separates sections of kidnes
127
renal pyramids
processes blood coming into kidneys, taking fluid out of blood processing into urine
128
minor calices
where urine channels through to major calices
129
major calices
feed into renal pelvis going into ureter
