Week 3 Flashcards
what cavity is the lungs in
the plueral cavity
what surrounds the lungs
two pairs of sacs filled with fluid
parietal and visceral pleura
how do lungs form
plueral cavity is formed then from the trachea the lungs grow into the plueral cavity
parietal pluera
outside of cavity
visceral pluera
inside touching lung
what does the plueral cavity allow the lungs
cushioning that allows it to exist in a more frictionless environment
allows lungs to expand
hilum
are complicated anatomical structures containing the pulmonary vessels and the major bronchi, arranged asymmetrically
right medial lung anterior to posterior
right superior pulmonary vein
right pulmonary artery
right main bronchus
right inferior pulmonary vein
left medial lung top to bottom
left pulmonary artery
left main bronchus
left inferior pulmonary vein
left superior pulmonary vein
are trachial rings present on the whole trache
no not on the posterior side
costodiaphragmatic recess
space between diaphragm which is covering the liver and ribcage
pericaridal sac
the sac heart grows into and lives inside of
phrenic nerve (left)
coming down from CNS crosing around and behind the heart innervates the diaphragm
pericadiacophrenic artery
goes with phrenic nerve and supplies blood to the diaphragm
phrenic nerve (right)
also accompanied by a periacadiacophrenic artery
pericardail cavity
sac that heart grows into
fluid filled sac around heart
parietal pericadium
not in contact with the heart
visceral pericardium
in contact with the heart
layers of heart tissues
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
outermost, thin layer formed by the visceral layer of serious pericardium
myocardium
thick middle layer of specialized cardiac muscle
endocardium
innermost thin, smooth layer of epithelial tissue that lines the inner surface of heart chambers and valves
interatrial septum
wall that separates the atriums
right triscuspsid valve
from right atrium into right ventricle
crista terminalis
vertical ridge of smooth myocardium within the right atrium of the heart
pectinate muscle
comes from crista terminalis
has some additional contraction of the atria during diastole
coronary sinus
picks up blood from veins that are running from the surface of the heart
right auricle
crumbly ear on top of right atrium
interventricular septum
wall that separates the ventriculars
septal papillary muscle
posterior papillary muscle
anterior papillary muscle
holding onto and contracting cords that are connected to tricuspid valvle
chordae tendineae
colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart
what does the chordae tendineae prevent
back flow of blood from right ventricle to right atrium
traveculae carneae
are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart
what does the pulmonary artery do
split into right and left lungs
aortic valve
left atrium to aorta
aorta
carries blood out to rest of the body
aorta
carries blood out to rest of the body
kardia
greek for heart
coronary arteries
come off of aorta
right side- right CA, right marginal artery, RCA posterior to posterior interventricular artery
left side left CA, splits into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
cardiac veins
great cardiac vein runs parallel to anterior interventricular artery
small cardiac vein next to marginal artery
anterior cardiac veins- tuck underneath right auricle and go into right atria
great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein parallel to posterior interventricular artery
coronary sinus
great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein lead into
dumps blood into right atrium
peritoneal cavity
fluid filled sac in abdominal some organs poke into
mesentery
double layered sheet that connecting organs, nerve and blood vessels run between sheath
primary retroperitoneal viscera
are not inside of perituneum and never inside of peritoneum kidneys and suprarenal glands ureters and bladder rectum aorta and inferior vena cava
secondary retroperitoneal viscera
were at some point pushed into peritoneum but later in development got pushed back out
duodenum (2-4)
pancreas
ascending and descending colon
all remaining abdominal viscera
are intraperitoneal
at least some extend need fed nerves, arteries, and veins through mesentary
digestive tract
mouth to anus
where is gut tube
below diaphragm
gut tube
stomach duodenum jejunum ileum colon rectum
foregut
blood supplied by celiac trunk below diaphragm
stomach, half duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
other structures related to digestive system or get blood supply through mesetaries
liver
pancreas
spleen
gland
an organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings
midgut
blood supplied by superior mesenteric artery
small intestine, 2/3 of large intestine
hindgut
blood supplied by inferior mesenteric artery
last 1/3 of large intestine, rectum, and anus
stomach
breaking down food chemically
greater curvature of stomach
inferior side
lesser curvature of stomach
superior side
cardia
where food enters stomach
fundus
upper bend of stomach
body of stomach
majority of stomach
antrum of stomach
lower stomach
pyloris of stomach
where food leaves stomach
gastric rugae
ridges in stomach that secretes stomach acid
lesser omentum
part of ventral mesentary of stomach
runs along lesser curvature of stomach
double walled sheath of peritoneum which connects stomach to liver
2 parts of lesser omentum
hepatogastric ligaments
hepatoduodenal ligaments
hepatogatric ligament
connects liver to stomach
hepatoduodenal ligaments
connects liver to 1st part of duodenum
greater omentum
part of dorsal mesentary of stomach
runs along greater curvature of stomach
connects stomach to transverse colon, spleen, and diaphragm
3 ligaments of greater omentum
gastrocolic ligament
gatrosplenic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrocolic ligament
stomach to transverse colon
gastrosplenic ligament
stomach to spleen
gastrophrenic ligament
stomach to diaphragm
duodenum
connects stomach to small intestine
4 parts of duodenum
1- intraperitoneal
2-4 secondarily retroperitoneal
plicae circularis
ridges in duodenum
common bile duct
runs from liver and gallbladder into second part of duodenum
where bile is brought into digestive system
where is excesses bile stored
gallbladder
where is bile produced
liver
what is bile used for
helping digest fats
main pancreatic duct
connects pancreas to duodenum
brings digestive enzymes created by pancreas into digestive system
what ducts join the 2nd part of the duodenum at the same place
main pancreatic duct and bile duct
liver
one of largest organs
found kind of superior and to right of stomach
has large connection to diaphragm
4 main functions of liver
metabolic
bile production
storage and filtration of blood
blood coagulating factors
metabolic function of liver
stores glucose in form of glycogen
stores vitamins A, B12, D
bile production and secretion of liver
emulsification of fats
storage and filtration of blood in liver
up to 1L of blood at any one time
phagocyte cell clear bacteria
detoxifying a lot of the blood
ligamentum teres
obliterated umbilical cord
falciform ligament and ligamentum teres
anterior of liver
reminisce of umbilical vein
liver lobes
left and right lobes seperated by falciform ligament and ligamentum teres
ligamentum venosum
remains of ductus venosus
ductus venosus
in fetus, shunts clean, placental blood from umbibical vein to IVC, bypasing the liver
gallbladder
on posertior inferior of liver
porta hepatis
entry and exit route for all of tubes that connect either to liver or gallbladder stuck to surface of liver and
portal triad
hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
bile passages
pancreas parts
head and body- secondarily retroperitoneal
tail- intraparitoneal
pancreas major functions
secretion of digestive enzymes
insulin synthesis
main pancreatic duct
runs through pancreas
picks up fluids and enzymes created by the pancreas to join up with common bile duct
major functions of spleen
produces lymphocytes
holds reserve of blood
removes old RBCs
where are broken down RBCs sent
to the liver to be used in bile synthesis
where is spleen located
upper left quadrant of abdoment
located deep to lateral aspect of ribs 9-11
arcades
anastomosing loops which connect to each other and back to the intestinal arteries
vasa recta
straight arteries run from arcades to intestine
superior mesentary artery blood flow
intestinal artieries
arcades
vasa recta
what comes off duodenum
1st part of small intestine
jejunum
jejunum
absorbs carbs and proteins larger diameter fewer arterial arcades more plicae circulares less mesenteric fat
ileum
absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and remaining digestive products smaller diameter more arcades fewer (or no) plicae circulares more mesenteric fat
what is the function of plicae circulares
to increase surface area to allow for more digestion of food
ileocecal transition
end of ileum meets up with beginning of colon (large intestine)
cecum
pouch that connects large intestine to small intestine
vermiform appendix
appendix off bottom of large intestine
always present
ascending colon
1st part
transverse colon
goes to side
descending colon
goes down
sigmoid colon
goes to side
rectum
from sigmoid colon to anus
transition from midgut to hind gut
about 2/3 of transverse colon
haustrae in large intestine
small segmented pouches of bowel separated by the haustral folds
appendices epiploica
pouches of fat handing off of taenia coli
appendices epiploica
pouches of fat handing off of taenia coli
marginal artery
artery of Drummond
from superior mesentrary artery to inferior mesentary artery
supplies a lot of those anostomosis with blood
for providing redundancy of blood
posterior abdominal wall
kidney- behind paretoneum surrounded by a renal capsule
suprarenal gland
what can kidneys be enveloped in
fat
hilum in kidney
renal artery and vein
ureters
ureter
urine from kidney down to bladder
cortex of kidney
lined tissue that make up the kidney
renal columns
separates sections of kidnes
renal pyramids
processes blood coming into kidneys, taking fluid out of blood processing into urine
minor calices
where urine channels through to major calices
major calices
feed into renal pelvis going into ureter
