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Human Anatomy > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what cavity is the lungs in

A

the plueral cavity

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2
Q

what surrounds the lungs

A

two pairs of sacs filled with fluid

parietal and visceral pleura

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3
Q

how do lungs form

A

plueral cavity is formed then from the trachea the lungs grow into the plueral cavity

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4
Q

parietal pluera

A

outside of cavity

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5
Q

visceral pluera

A

inside touching lung

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6
Q

what does the plueral cavity allow the lungs

A

cushioning that allows it to exist in a more frictionless environment
allows lungs to expand

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7
Q

hilum

A

are complicated anatomical structures containing the pulmonary vessels and the major bronchi, arranged asymmetrically

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8
Q

right medial lung anterior to posterior

A

right superior pulmonary vein
right pulmonary artery
right main bronchus
right inferior pulmonary vein

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9
Q

left medial lung top to bottom

A

left pulmonary artery
left main bronchus
left inferior pulmonary vein
left superior pulmonary vein

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10
Q

are trachial rings present on the whole trache

A

no not on the posterior side

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11
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

space between diaphragm which is covering the liver and ribcage

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12
Q

pericaridal sac

A

the sac heart grows into and lives inside of

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13
Q

phrenic nerve (left)

A

coming down from CNS crosing around and behind the heart innervates the diaphragm

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14
Q

pericadiacophrenic artery

A

goes with phrenic nerve and supplies blood to the diaphragm

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15
Q

phrenic nerve (right)

A

also accompanied by a periacadiacophrenic artery

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16
Q

pericardail cavity

A

sac that heart grows into

fluid filled sac around heart

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17
Q

parietal pericadium

A

not in contact with the heart

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18
Q

visceral pericardium

A

in contact with the heart

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19
Q

layers of heart tissues

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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20
Q

epicardium

A

outermost, thin layer formed by the visceral layer of serious pericardium

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21
Q

myocardium

A

thick middle layer of specialized cardiac muscle

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22
Q

endocardium

A

innermost thin, smooth layer of epithelial tissue that lines the inner surface of heart chambers and valves

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23
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall that separates the atriums

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24
Q

right triscuspsid valve

A

from right atrium into right ventricle

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25
Q

crista terminalis

A

vertical ridge of smooth myocardium within the right atrium of the heart

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26
Q

pectinate muscle

A

comes from crista terminalis

has some additional contraction of the atria during diastole

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27
Q

coronary sinus

A

picks up blood from veins that are running from the surface of the heart

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28
Q

right auricle

A

crumbly ear on top of right atrium

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29
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall that separates the ventriculars

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30
Q

septal papillary muscle
posterior papillary muscle
anterior papillary muscle

A

holding onto and contracting cords that are connected to tricuspid valvle

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31
Q

chordae tendineae

A

colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart

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32
Q

what does the chordae tendineae prevent

A

back flow of blood from right ventricle to right atrium

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33
Q

traveculae carneae

A

are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart

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34
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do

A

split into right and left lungs

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35
Q

aortic valve

A

left atrium to aorta

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36
Q

aorta

A

carries blood out to rest of the body

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37
Q

aorta

A

carries blood out to rest of the body

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38
Q

kardia

A

greek for heart

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39
Q

coronary arteries

A

come off of aorta
right side- right CA, right marginal artery, RCA posterior to posterior interventricular artery
left side left CA, splits into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

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40
Q

cardiac veins

A

great cardiac vein runs parallel to anterior interventricular artery
small cardiac vein next to marginal artery
anterior cardiac veins- tuck underneath right auricle and go into right atria
great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein parallel to posterior interventricular artery

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41
Q

coronary sinus

A

great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein lead into

dumps blood into right atrium

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42
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

fluid filled sac in abdominal some organs poke into

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43
Q

mesentery

A

double layered sheet that connecting organs, nerve and blood vessels run between sheath

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44
Q

primary retroperitoneal viscera

A 
are not inside of perituneum and never inside of peritoneum
kidneys and suprarenal glands
ureters and bladder
rectum
aorta and inferior vena cava
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45
Q

secondary retroperitoneal viscera

A

were at some point pushed into peritoneum but later in development got pushed back out
duodenum (2-4)
pancreas
ascending and descending colon

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46
Q

all remaining abdominal viscera

A

are intraperitoneal

at least some extend need fed nerves, arteries, and veins through mesentary

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47
Q

digestive tract

A

mouth to anus

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48
Q

where is gut tube

A

below diaphragm

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49
Q

gut tube

A 
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon rectum
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50
Q

foregut

A

blood supplied by celiac trunk below diaphragm

stomach, half duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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51
Q

other structures related to digestive system or get blood supply through mesetaries

A

liver
pancreas
spleen

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52
Q

gland

A

an organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings

53
Q

midgut

A

blood supplied by superior mesenteric artery

small intestine, 2/3 of large intestine

54
Q

hindgut

A

blood supplied by inferior mesenteric artery

last 1/3 of large intestine, rectum, and anus

55
Q

stomach

A

breaking down food chemically

56
Q

greater curvature of stomach

A

inferior side

57
Q

lesser curvature of stomach

A

superior side

58
Q

cardia

A

where food enters stomach

59
Q

fundus

A

upper bend of stomach

60
Q

body of stomach

A

majority of stomach

61
Q

antrum of stomach

A

lower stomach

62
Q

pyloris of stomach

A

where food leaves stomach

63
Q

gastric rugae

A

ridges in stomach that secretes stomach acid

64
Q

lesser omentum

A

part of ventral mesentary of stomach
runs along lesser curvature of stomach
double walled sheath of peritoneum which connects stomach to liver

65
Q

2 parts of lesser omentum

A

hepatogastric ligaments

hepatoduodenal ligaments

66
Q

hepatogatric ligament

A

connects liver to stomach

67
Q

hepatoduodenal ligaments

A

connects liver to 1st part of duodenum

68
Q

greater omentum

A

part of dorsal mesentary of stomach
runs along greater curvature of stomach
connects stomach to transverse colon, spleen, and diaphragm

69
Q

3 ligaments of greater omentum

A

gastrocolic ligament
gatrosplenic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament

70
Q

gastrocolic ligament

A

stomach to transverse colon

71
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

stomach to spleen

72
Q

gastrophrenic ligament

A

stomach to diaphragm

73
Q

duodenum

A

connects stomach to small intestine

74
Q

4 parts of duodenum

A

1- intraperitoneal

2-4 secondarily retroperitoneal

75
Q

plicae circularis

A

ridges in duodenum

76
Q

common bile duct

A

runs from liver and gallbladder into second part of duodenum

where bile is brought into digestive system

77
Q

where is excesses bile stored

A

gallbladder

78
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

79
Q

what is bile used for

A

helping digest fats

80
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

connects pancreas to duodenum

brings digestive enzymes created by pancreas into digestive system

81
Q

what ducts join the 2nd part of the duodenum at the same place

A

main pancreatic duct and bile duct

82
Q

liver

A

one of largest organs
found kind of superior and to right of stomach
has large connection to diaphragm

83
Q

4 main functions of liver

A

metabolic
bile production
storage and filtration of blood
blood coagulating factors

84
Q

metabolic function of liver

A

stores glucose in form of glycogen

stores vitamins A, B12, D

85
Q

bile production and secretion of liver

A

emulsification of fats

86
Q

storage and filtration of blood in liver

A

up to 1L of blood at any one time
phagocyte cell clear bacteria
detoxifying a lot of the blood

87
Q

ligamentum teres

A

obliterated umbilical cord

88
Q

falciform ligament and ligamentum teres

A

anterior of liver

reminisce of umbilical vein

89
Q

liver lobes

A

left and right lobes seperated by falciform ligament and ligamentum teres

90
Q

ligamentum venosum

A

remains of ductus venosus

91
Q

ductus venosus

A

in fetus, shunts clean, placental blood from umbibical vein to IVC, bypasing the liver

92
Q

gallbladder

A

on posertior inferior of liver

93
Q

porta hepatis

A

entry and exit route for all of tubes that connect either to liver or gallbladder stuck to surface of liver and

94
Q

portal triad

A

hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
bile passages

95
Q

pancreas parts

A

head and body- secondarily retroperitoneal

tail- intraparitoneal

96
Q

pancreas major functions

A

secretion of digestive enzymes

insulin synthesis

97
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

runs through pancreas

picks up fluids and enzymes created by the pancreas to join up with common bile duct

98
Q

major functions of spleen

A

produces lymphocytes
holds reserve of blood
removes old RBCs

99
Q

where are broken down RBCs sent

A

to the liver to be used in bile synthesis

100
Q

where is spleen located

A

upper left quadrant of abdoment

located deep to lateral aspect of ribs 9-11

101
Q

arcades

A

anastomosing loops which connect to each other and back to the intestinal arteries

102
Q

vasa recta

A

straight arteries run from arcades to intestine

103
Q

superior mesentary artery blood flow

A

intestinal artieries
arcades
vasa recta

104
Q

what comes off duodenum

A

1st part of small intestine

jejunum

105
Q

jejunum

A 
absorbs carbs and proteins
larger diameter
fewer arterial arcades
more plicae circulares
less mesenteric fat
106
Q

ileum

A 
absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and remaining digestive products
smaller diameter
more arcades
fewer (or no) plicae circulares 
more mesenteric fat
107
Q

what is the function of plicae circulares

A

to increase surface area to allow for more digestion of food

108
Q

ileocecal transition

A

end of ileum meets up with beginning of colon (large intestine)

109
Q

cecum

A

pouch that connects large intestine to small intestine

110
Q

vermiform appendix

A

appendix off bottom of large intestine

always present

111
Q

ascending colon

A

1st part

112
Q

transverse colon

A

goes to side

113
Q

descending colon

A

goes down

114
Q

sigmoid colon

A

goes to side

115
Q

rectum

A

from sigmoid colon to anus

116
Q

transition from midgut to hind gut

A

about 2/3 of transverse colon

117
Q

haustrae in large intestine

A

small segmented pouches of bowel separated by the haustral folds

118
Q

appendices epiploica

A

pouches of fat handing off of taenia coli

119
Q

appendices epiploica

A

pouches of fat handing off of taenia coli

120
Q

marginal artery

artery of Drummond

A

from superior mesentrary artery to inferior mesentary artery
supplies a lot of those anostomosis with blood
for providing redundancy of blood

121
Q

posterior abdominal wall

A

kidney- behind paretoneum surrounded by a renal capsule

suprarenal gland

122
Q

what can kidneys be enveloped in

A

fat

123
Q

hilum in kidney

A

renal artery and vein

ureters

124
Q

ureter

A

urine from kidney down to bladder

125
Q

cortex of kidney

A

lined tissue that make up the kidney

126
Q

renal columns

A

separates sections of kidnes

127
Q

renal pyramids

A

processes blood coming into kidneys, taking fluid out of blood processing into urine

128
Q

minor calices

A

where urine channels through to major calices

129
Q

major calices

A

feed into renal pelvis going into ureter

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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