Week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
vertebral column
A
cervical vertebrae thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae sacrum coccyx
2
Q
parts of the vertebrae
A
vertebral body pedicle lamina transverse processes spinous processes vertebral foramen articular processes
3
Q
what goes through vertebral foramen
A
spinal cord
4
Q
how many cervical vertebrae do you have
A
7
5
Q
how many thoracic vertebrae do you have
A
12
6
Q
how many lumbar vertebrae do you have
A
5
7
Q
what is the sacrum made up of
A
5 fused vertebrae
8
Q
what is the coccyx made of
A
4 fused vertebrae
9
Q
what is a intervertebral disc
A
unit of articulating material that separates the vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae
hold vertebral bodies together
10
Q
what does the intervertebral disc resist
A
compression
11
Q
parts of an intervertebral disc
A
nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosis
12
Q
nucleus pulposus
A
pulpy middle
13
Q
annulus fibrosis
A
rings surround the nucleus pulposes
14
Q
ligaments on vertebrae
A
ligamentum flavum
interspinous ligaments
supraspinous ligaments
15
Q
ligamentum flavum
A
connects lumina
16
Q
interspinous ligaments
A
between spinous processes
17
Q
supraspinous ligaments
A
along top of spinous processes
18
Q
what do the ligaments of the vertebrae do
A
connect adjacent vertebrae along their posterior side
19
Q
intervertebral foramen
A
hole from side that spinal nerves poke out of
20
Q
what ligaments run along vertebral bodies
A
posterior longitudinal ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament
21
Q
what movement happens at the vertebral column
A
flexion
exentsion
lateral flexion
rotation
22
Q
what bones are attached to the vertebral column
A
ribs, sternum
23
Q
what is the sternum made of
A
superior- manubrium
middle- body of the sternum
inferior- xyphoid process
24
Q
what ribs are the floating ribs
A
ribs 11 and 12
25
what connects rib to sternum
costal cartilage
26
what does ribs articulate with
2 adjacent vertebrae and portion of transverse process
27
costotransverse joint
where rib meets transverse process
28
how to number ribs
rib is the same at the vertebrae below it
29
movements at thoracic joint during inspiration
bucket handle
| pump handle
30
bucket handle move
up and out
31
pump handle move
sternum moves forward anteriorly and upward superiorly
32
bones of upper limb
humerus, scapula, clavicle
33
ligaments of clavicle and scapula
```
interclavicular ligament
sternoclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
costoclavicular ligament
coraclavicular ligament
transversehumeral ligament
```
34
2 parts of coraclavicular ligament
trapezoid
| conoid
35
interclavicular ligament
clavicles together
36
sternoclavicular ligament
sternum and clavicle
37
coracoacromial ligament
coracoid and acromion
38
costoclavicular ligament
1st rib to clavicle
39
coracoclavicular ligament
coracoid to clavicle
40
transversehumeral ligament
2 tubercle on proximal end of humerus
41
trapezoid portion of coracoclavicular ligament
larger and lateral
42
conoid portion of coracoclavicular ligament
narrower and medial
43
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
ball and socket
44
can the glenohumeral joint move around quite freely
yes
45
what does the rotator cuff muscle do for glenohumeral joint
surround joint, help to hold in place,
46
what way does the glenohumeral joint typically dislocate
inferiorly
47
bursa
fluid filled cavity that help to provide cushioning
48
large bursa in glenohumeral cavity
subacromial
49
movement in the shoulder joint
extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, lateral extension, lateral flexion, medial rotation, lateral rotation
50
how many planes are there motion in the glenohumeral joint
all 3
51
bones of the forelimb
```
humerus
ulna ( medial, pinky side), radius (latera, thumb side)
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
5 digits
```
52
trochlea
pulley
53
what type of joint is the elbow
hinge joint
54
how many planes does the elbow joint have movement in
1 plane
55
what type of movement does the elbow have
flexion and extension
56
what reinforces the elbow
bone
57
what ligaments are on the side of joints
collateral ligaments
58
what does the lateral radial collateral ligament connect to
annular ligament
59
annular ligament position
attaches to ulna and wraps around head of radius,
60
what does the annular ligament doe
holds the head of he radius in place
61
medial unlar collateral ligament
attaches ulna to humerus
| much larger and broader than lateral collateral ligament
62
carpal bones
| lateral to medial,
proximal- scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
| distal- trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, humate
63
joints around the carpals and metacarpals
radiocarpal joint
midcarpal joint
carpometacarpal joints
64
movement at the wrist joint
flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation,
65
where does supination and pronation occur
radioulnar joints proximal and distal
66
metacarpophalangal joint (mcp)
metacarpal to phlange
67
proximal interphlangeal joint (pip)
proximal phalange to middle phalange
68
distal interphalangeal joint (dip)
middle phalange to distal phalange
69
anterior hand
palmer
70
posterior hand
dorsum
71
what do collateral ligaments to
reinforce joint
72
movement at the fingers
flexion, extension, hyperflexion,
| abduction and adduction at mcp
73
thumb movement
opposition, reposition
74
origin
doesn't move
75
insertion
moves
76
extrinsic muscle
originates, but goes some where else
77
intrinsic muscle
originates and stays in same place
78
superficial back muscle
connect upper body to trunk
79
intermediate back muscle
superficial respiratory muscles
80
deep back muscle
support structure of vertebral column and move the spine
81
superficial back muscles
trapezius, lattisimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae
82
intermediate back muscles
serratus posterior inferior, serratus posterior superior,
83
prorioception
sensing location and state of parts of the body
84
what are the deep layers of the back intrinsic or extrinsic
intrinsic
85
1st deep layer of back muscles
| lateral to medial
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis thoracis
86
2nd deep layer of back muscles
semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
87
what does multifidus and rotatores do
rotate the vertebral column
| contralateral rotation
88
contralateral rotation
muscle on one side of body contracts, rotates part of body connected in opposite direction
89
ipsilateral rotation
muscle pulling rotates body the same side
90
intercostal muscles are where
between ribs, connect and expand ribcage
91
what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscle
external, internal, and inner most
92
where do intercostal nerves and blood vessels run between
internal and innermost layers of intercostal muscles
93
what direction does the external layer of intercostal muscle run
pocket, \/
94
what is the external layer of intercostal muscle used for
inspriation
95
what direction does the interanl layer of intercostal muscle run
superstar /\
96
what is the internal layer of intercostal muscle used for
expiration
97
what diretion does the inner most layer of intercostal muscle run
superstar /\
98
what is the inner most layer of intercostal muscle used for
expiration
99
diaphragm
very flat muscle, separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
has holes that facilitate things going through
100
does the diaphragm contract or relax during inspiration
contracts and flattens
101
does the diaphram contract or relax during expiration
relaxes
102
abdominal muscles
rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques
103
rectus abdominus
either side of the center of anterior part of abdomen
104
what is rectus abdomninus made of
layers of muscles separated by tendinous bands, which forms gaps between muscle bodies
105
external obliques muscle orientation
pockets \/
106
internal obliques muscle orientation
parallel to transverse plane --
107
deep abdominal muscle
| transverse abdominus muscle orientation
superstar /\
108
arm muscles
pectoralis major
| pectoralis minor
109
what do arm muscles do
connect sternum to ribs to appendicular skeleton
110
what do extrinsic back muscles do
insert/ move humerus or scapula
111
posterior elbow muscle
triceps brachii,
112
posterior elbow muscle do what movement
extenstion
113
anterior elbow muscles
biceps brachii, brachialis
114
anterior elbow muscles do what movement
flexion
115
what are the forearm muscles prefominantly
extrinsic hand muscles
116
what side of the forearm are flexor muscles
anterior
117
what side of the forearm are the extensor muscles
posterior
118
flexor
flexor
119
pollicis
thumb
120
digitorum
other digits but thumb
121
carpi
hand
122
superficial
superficial
123
profundus
deep
124
longus
long
125
brevis
short
126
extensor
extensor
127
digiti minimi
pinky
128
adductor
adducts
129
abductor
abducts
130
opponens
opposition
131
carpal tunnel
bounded by carpals and flexor retincaculum
132
what runs through carpal tunnel
tendons and median nerve
133
carpal tunnel syndrom
compression on tendons in carpal tunnel cuases compression on median nerve
134
deep anterior muscles that pronate arm
pronator teres
| pronator quadratus
135
muscles that supinate arm
supinator, biceps brachii
136
thenar
go to thumb
137
hypothenar
go to pinky
138
interossei
between metacarpals-
| abduct and adduct
139
how many dorsal interossei
4
140
how many palmar interossei
3
141
how many lumbricals
4
142
what do lumbricals do
flex mcp joint, extend pip and dip joints
