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Pharmacology > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an adrenergic receptor

A

responds to adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine and to epinephrine

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2
Q

what is a cholinergic receptor

A

responds to cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine

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3
Q

define afferent neuron

A

carries information toward CNS

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4
Q

define efferent neuron

A

carriers information away from CNS

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5
Q

define homeostasis

A

normal state of balance among body’s internal organs

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6
Q

define synapse

A

junction btw two neutrons - allows communication btw - so signal continues

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7
Q

what muscle does ANS innervate

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
involuntary

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8
Q

what is the goal of ANS

A

achieve and maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

most organs receive innervation from both PSNS and SNS, other than…

A

most blood vessels - only receive input from SNS

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10
Q

where does PSNS originate from

A

CN 3,7,9,10

spinal cord S2-S4

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11
Q

is SNS selective or non-selective

A

non-selective

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12
Q

is PSNS selective or non-selective

A

selective

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13
Q

where does SNS originate from

A

T1-L3

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14
Q

what is the adrenal medulla response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: release epinephrine
PSNS: N/A

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15
Q

what are the arteries response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: vasoconstriction (exceptions are coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle - vasodilation)
PSNS: most arteries are not supplied by PSNS

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16
Q

heart response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: increase heart rate and AV conduction, increase contractility
PSNS: decrease heart rate, AV conduction, and contractility

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17
Q

response of intestines, GI motility, and secretions to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: decrease
PSNS: increase

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18
Q

postganglionic neurotransmitter IN SNS

A

NE released

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19
Q

postganglionic neurotransmitter in PSNS

A

ACH

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20
Q

pupil response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: dilation - mydriasis
PSNS: constriction - miosis

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21
Q

respiratory response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: bronchodilator
PSNS: bronchoconstriction

22
Q

urinary response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: relaxation
PSNS: contraction

23
Q

urinary sphincter response to SNS and PSNS

A

SNS: contraction
PSNS: relaxation

24
Q

where is alpha-1 adrenergic receptor found

A

on smooth muscle

contraction

25
Q

where is alpha-2 adrenergic receptor found

A

adrenergic nerve endings

decrease additional NE release

26
Q

beta-1

A

on heart

increase activity

27
Q

beta-2

A

bronchodilator, uterine relaxation, coronary and skeletal muscle vasodilation

28
Q

what do adrenergic neuronal blockers do

A

acts on adrenergic nerve endings to decrease formation or release of NE

29
Q

what is alpha-adrenergic blockers do

A

blocks alpha-1 effects of NE and Epi

30
Q

what do non-selective beta adrenergic blockers do

A

block effects of Epi/NE on both beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors

31
Q

what do selective beta-1 adrenergic blockers do

A

blocks effect of E/NE on only beta1 receptors

32
Q

what do selective beta-2 adrenergic do

A

stimulates only beta-2 receptors

33
Q

define sympatholytic

A

inhibits postganglionic functions of SNS

DECREASE SNS activity

34
Q

define sympathomimetic

A

mimics effects of E/NE
trigger SNS
agonist

35
Q

what receptors does norepinephrine NOT stimulate

A

beta-2 receptors

36
Q

4 primary functions of alpha adrenergic drugs

A

1) vasoconstriction
2) contraction of GI sphincters
3) contraction of urinary sphincters
4) dilation of pupils

37
Q

4 purposes of using alpha adrenergic drugs

A

1) hypotensive states
2) nasal congestion
3) ocular congestion/ocular testing = mydriasis
4) overeating: appetite suppressant

38
Q

parent drug for alpha adrenergic

A

NE

39
Q

parent for beta adrenergic drug

A

epi - > epi is non-selective - alpha and beta effects

40
Q

3 primary action of beta adrenergic

A

1) cardiac stimulation
2) bronchiole smooth muscle relaxant
3) uterine smooth muscle relaxant

41
Q

3 primary purposes for beta adrenergic

A

1) bronchoconstriction
2) hypotension
3) cardiac insufficiency

42
Q

dopamine functions low doses does what

A

vasodilation and increase renal blood flow

0.5-2mcg/kg/min

43
Q

dopamine functions in moderate doses does what

A

stimulate cardiac beta1 receptor: increase contractility and cardiac output
2-10mcg/kg/min

44
Q

dopamine function in high doses does what

A

> 10mcg/kg/min

stimulate alpha receptors = widespread vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure

45
Q

what do alpha adrenergic blocking drugs do

A

compete with E/NE for binding to alpha adrenergic receptors

prevents SNS activation

46
Q

when to use alpha adrenergic blocking drugs (4)

A

1) used for treatment of HTN
2) poor blood flow to skin
3) treatment of pheochromocytoma
4) may cause PSNS related effects

47
Q

beta adrenergic blocking drugs function

A

binding to beta adrenergic receptors

prevent sympathetic activity

48
Q

primary location for beta adrenergic blocking drugs

A

heart, decrease activity

49
Q

is there a therapeutic effect of beta adrenergic blocking drugs on beta 2

A

no, potential adverse effect - preventing action of vasodilator

50
Q

when to use beta adrenergic blocking drugs

A

1) angina
2) HTN
3) arrhythmia
4) CHF
5) post MI
6) glaucoma
7) migraines

51
Q

types of beta- blocking drugs

A

non-selective

selective, beta 1 block (at therapeutic effect, higher dose impacts both)

52
Q

how does beta blockers affect diabetics

A

alter carb and lipid metabolism

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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