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Pharmacology > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology

A

study of drugs

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2
Q

what is pharmacodynamics

A

drugs on living tissue

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3
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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4
Q

what is pharmacotherapeutics

A

drugs in treating disease

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5
Q

what is pharmacy

A

science of preparing, dispensing medicine

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6
Q

what is posology

A

study of the amount of drug required to produce the therapeutic effects

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7
Q

what is toxicology

A

harmful effects of drugs on living tissue

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8
Q

what is a drug

A

any substance that, when administered to living organisms, produces a change in function

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9
Q

what is therapeutic effect

A

desired effect to alleviate condition or symptom

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10
Q

what is side effect

A

effect other than therapeutic, usually undesirable but NOT HARMFUL

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11
Q

what is adverse effect

A

undesirable, potentially harmful drug effect

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12
Q

what is toxic effect

A

undesirable drug effect, implies drug poisoning - very harmful or life threatening

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13
Q

What is the receptor site

A

specific location on cell membrane or within cell where the drug attaches to produce an effect

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14
Q

what is an agonist

A

bind to specific receptors, produce a drug action

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15
Q

what is an antagonist

A

bind to specific receptor, but do not produce drug action ie// blocking drugs

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16
Q

dose

A

exact amount of drug required to produce specific effect

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17
Q

ceiling effect

A

point at which further dose increases = no further effect

18
Q

effective dose 50

A

dose will produce effect half of maximal response

19
Q

onset of action

A

time of first observable effect

20
Q

duration of action

A

length of time where drug concentration adequate to produce observable effects

21
Q

termination of action

A

time when drug no longer produces observable effects

22
Q

chemical name

A

name given to molecule, detailing bonding and structural details

23
Q

generic name

A

shorter name, often derived from chemical name ie// nonproprietary name

24
Q

trade name

A

trademarked name

ie// proprietary name

25
Q

4 categories of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

26
Q

how must drugs be to cross cell-membranes

A

un-ionized

27
Q

acid drugs

A

unionized in acid environment - readily absorbed

acidic drugs ionized in alkaline environment

28
Q

basic drugs

A

unionized in alkaline environment

ionized in acidic environment

29
Q

3 factors that affect how much drug reaches organ/affected area of body

A

1) plasma protein binding - only unbound (free) drug molecules can exert pharmacological effect
2) blood flow - higher flow=high exposure
3) blood brain barrier - lipid soluble muscles and drugs can readily pass

30
Q

what is biotransformation

A

chemical alteration of drugs and foreign compounds

31
Q

what is the main organ that metabolizes drugs

A

liver

32
Q

first pass metabolism

A

PO drugs > stomach > portal circulation > liver > bloodstream

33
Q

DMMS

A

drug microsomal metabolizing system (enzymes in liver)

34
Q

enzyme induction

A

some drugs stimulate DMMS - make more enzymes - more enzymes for metabolism

35
Q

enzyme inhibition

A

certain drugs inhibit action and formation of DMMS

increased duration, intensity of inhibited drugs

36
Q

3 common pathways for drug excretion

A

renal (urine) - biggest path = water-soluble and ionized
GI (feces)
Respiratory (exhaled)

37
Q

half life

A

time required for blood/plasm concentration of drug to decrease to half of original level
- liver and kidney disease have prolonged half life

38
Q

bioavailability

A

percentage of dose absorbed into bloodstream

39
Q

factors affecting bioavailability

A

drug formulation
route
factors affecting GI absorption

40
Q

loading dose

A

initial, higher dose given to attain therapeutic effect

41
Q

maintenance dose

A

follow up doses to stay in therapeutic range

42
Q

8 factors impacting individual variation

A 
age - young and old are more sensitive
weight
sex - females have more body fat (may have increase reaction to medication)
genetic variation
emotional state
placebo
disease processes
pt compliance

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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