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Repair And Regeneration > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What changes lead to maladaptive of physiological processes which is root of disease?

A

Non-genomic
Genomic
Epigenetic

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2
Q

What is sensing?

A

Fundamental process that can be found from single cell organisms to complicated organisms

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3
Q

What has the same sensing and processes been adapted and evolved to give?

A

Complicated physiological processes within bodies e.g. regulation of blood pressure

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4
Q

What are examples of simple sensing?

A

Avoidance or attraction in single cell organism to noxious or desirable stimuli
Withdrawal reflexes to noxious stimulus in animals

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5
Q

What is examples of complex sensing?

A

Homeostatic mechanism e.g. blood pressure regulation

Behaviours e.g. communication and complex motor behaviours

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6
Q

Classical

A

Sound, hearing

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7
Q

Non-classical

A

Proprioception

Touch

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8
Q

Reflex arc

A

Forms part of the afferent pathway which sends input into the brain

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9
Q

When does the first nerve fibre respond?

A

Once pain is reached

Nociceptor - responsible for mediating pain

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10
Q

Second nerve fibre

A

Responds lower but continues to increase its firing in its noxious range

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11
Q

Third nerve fibre

A

Low threshold unit
Involved in physiological functions
Give mediators like capsaicin

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12
Q

What expresses ASIC1a ion channel?

A

ASIC sensitive current evoked in a cell

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13
Q

What is sensory processing?

A

Taking external signal and transforming it into AP which will be taken to the brain and interpreted in a meaningful way

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14
Q

What does voltage threshold trigger?

A

All or nothing action potential

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15
Q

What cannot be recorded?

A

Very thin nerve endings

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16
Q

What is the process of stimulus-transduction in sensory nerves about?

A

Moving the resting membrane potential

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17
Q

What is the purpose of TTX?

A

Differentiate Na+ current into fast and slow TTX resistant, sensitivity component

18
Q

What is ASICS?

A 
Sensitive to acid 
More permeable to sodium than calcium 
2 transmembrane domains 
Homomeric and heteromeric complex 
Big extracellular domain
19
Q

What is the function of ASICS?

A

Drive sodium into nerve endings to trigger generator potential

20
Q

TRPV1

A

Acid
Capsaicin
Anandamide

21
Q

TRPV2

A

Cannabidiol

THC

22
Q

TRPV3

A

Camphor
Menthol
Clove

23
Q

TRPV4

A

Anandamide

Arachidonic acid

24
Q

TRPA1

A

Mustard
Cinnamon
formaldehyde

25
Q

TRPM8

A

Menthol
Peppermint
eucalyptus

26
Q

Mechanical: TRP

What is ruthenium red?

A

Broad spectrum TRP channel blocker

27
Q

What was the experiment done on mechanical TRP?

A

Probed the bowel
Recorded activity in the sensory nerve
Presence of TRP channel blocker - reduction in the afferent response

28
Q

What is TRP channel responsible for?

A

Mechanotransduction that occurs in the bowel

29
Q

What happens when you apply a mechanical stimulus in TRPA1 in wild type mouse?

A

Robust response

30
Q

What does TRP channel transduce?

A

Mechanical stimuli by moving ca2+ into nerve endings

31
Q

ASICS

A

H+ gated Na+ channel which are present in most, if not all, neurons
elicited by a rapid drop in extracellular PH
Good sensors for detecting protons

32
Q

What is ASIC3?

A

Generates biphasic current

Fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase

33
Q

ASIC3

A

Increased cutaneous AB fibre response

Decreased visceral afferent response

34
Q

ASIC 2

A

Increased sensitivity visceral afferents

Reduced cutaneous AB fibre response

35
Q

ASIC 1

A

Increased sensitivity visceral afferent

No effect cutaneous afferent

36
Q

What is TREK/TRAAK K channels responsible for?

A

Background “leak” potassium conductance

37
Q

What are mechanical (TREK/TRAAK) channels holding?

A

The resting membrane potential

Allow us to sensitise the system

38
Q

What do we have the capacity to directly influence?

A

Nerve endings through transducer channels

39
Q

Descend the bowel

A

Pressure increases
More ATP released
Inhibit afferent response

40
Q

What does secondary transducer cell release ?

A

Mediators that diffuse to stimulate nerve endings

Repair And Regeneration (16 decks)

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