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Repair And Regeneration > Week 1 Part 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Noxious (harmful, unpleasant)

A

Mechanical pain

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2
Q

Innoxious (harmless)

A

Low threshold mechanoreceptors

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3
Q

What is TRKC receptors?

A

Wrap around hair

Found in merkel cells, Corpuscle

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4
Q

What is TRAP1?

A

Found in rats and not in humans

Meant to be cold receptors

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5
Q

What are the functional properties of peripheral afferent receptors?

A

High threshold - mechanical pain

Itching

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6
Q

What is Exteroceptors?

A

Cutaneous mechanoreceptors

Transduce physical stimuli from body wall

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7
Q

What is proprioceptors?

A

Deep mechanoreceptors

Transduce physical stimuli from within body

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8
Q

What is nociceptors?

A

Transduce noxious stimuli

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9
Q

What is thermoreceptors?

A

Transduce temperature stimuli

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10
Q

What is itch?

A

Transduce itch stimuli

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11
Q

What are the two types of primary afferent?

A

A fibres

C fibres

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12
Q

What is A fibre?

A

Myelinated

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13
Q

What is C fibres?

A

Unmyelinated

Found in bundles called remak bundles

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14
Q

Why is myelinated conduction faster?

A

Saltatory conduction

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15
Q

Where does first pain you feel come from?

A

Ad fibres

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16
Q

What gives second type of pain?

A

C fibres

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17
Q

What surrounds a single bundle of nerve axons?

A

Perineurium

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18
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Multipolar

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19
Q

What are DRG neurons classified by?

A
  1. Size
  2. Protein expression
  3. Myelination +/- peptidergic
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20
Q

What do you stain small DRG neurons with?

A

IB4

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21
Q

What do you stain medium DRG neurons?

A

CGRP

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22
Q

What do you stain large DRG neuron by?

A

NF200

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23
Q

If neurons don’t have peptides in them what will they be?

A

IB4+, P2X3 positive

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24
Q

What are two roots within DRG?

A
  1. Dorsal root

2. Ventral root

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25
Q

What comes together to form spinal nerve?

A
  1. Dorsal root

2. Ventral root

26
Q

What is Orthodromic?

A

Normal direction of conduction

27
Q

In case of injury what direction does Orthodromic follow?

A

Injury —> cell body —> spinal cord

28
Q

What is antidromic conduction?

A

Opposite normal direction of conduction

Go from CNS —> skin

29
Q

If the injury occurs at the cell body, what does it release?

A

Substance P

30
Q

What does DRG run up and meet up with?

A

Run up the dorsal root

Meet at dorsal root entry root

31
Q

What is DREZ?

A

Boundary between PNS and CNS for sensory axons

32
Q

Where do Ad and C fibre enter?

A

Dorsal horn

Ascend and descend 1-2 spinal segments in Lissauer’s tract

33
Q

Where does C fibre terminate ?

A

Predominantly in lamina I-V

34
Q

Where does Ad fibre terminate ?

A

Lamina I, V & X

35
Q

High threshold

A

Detect mechanical pain

36
Q

What is within grey matter?

A

Dorsal horn
Intermediate column/lamina
Lamina rex

37
Q

Where does large diameter myelinated afferent enter?

A

Medially through posterior funiculus

38
Q

Where does small diameter unmyelinated afferent enter?

A

Literally near substantia gelatinosa

39
Q

What does afferents form contacts with?

A

Interneurons

Directly onto motor neurons

40
Q

Where are motor neuron pools generated?

A

Ventral horn

41
Q

How are motor neuron pools for distal muscles located?

A

Laterally in the spinal cord

42
Q

How are motor neuron pools for axial muscle located?

A

Medically in the spinal cord

43
Q

How are motor neuron pools for flexor muscles located?

A

Dorsal in the spinal cord

44
Q

What controls the muscles for arms and legs?

A

Cervical and lumbar

45
Q

What is corticospinal tract?

A

Fine motor control of limbs and trunks

46
Q

Where is the location of the corticospinal tract for human?

A

Lateral

47
Q

Where is the location of the corticospinal tract for rat/mouse?

A

Base of dorsal funiculus/column

48
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Size: Humans > rodents

49
Q

What is Rubrospinal tract?

A

Voluntary motor control

Gross motor and motor velocity

50
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

Size: Rodents > Humans

51
Q

What is Raphe spinal tract?

A

Modulate pain transmission

Size: Rodents > Human

52
Q

Which tract is depressed laterally and anteriorly within the spinal cord?

A

Corticospinal tract

53
Q

What is organisation based on?

A

Action

54
Q

How is the somatosensory topography imprinted onto spinal cord?

A

Active synaptic connections

55
Q

What is topographical organisation of tactile input in spinal cord ?

A

Action-based and not body map-based

56
Q

What are 2 types of dorsal horn interneurons?

A

Excitatory (e.g. glutamate)

Inhibitory (e.g. GABA, glycine, enkephalins)

57
Q

What are 2 types of oligodendrocytes?

A 
Interfascicular (between nerve fibres in white matter)
Perineuronal satellite (close to neuronal cell bodies in grey matter)
58
Q

What are 2 types of astrocytes?

A

Fibrous (long unbranched processes in white matter)

Protoplasmic (short and highly branched processes in grey matter)

59
Q

Microglia

A

Innate immune surveillance

60
Q

Endothelial cells

A

Lining of blood vessels

Repair And Regeneration (16 decks)

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