Week 3

Question 1

Consonants

Answer 1

Sounds produced through the constriction of the vocal tract modifying the breath stream from larynx

Question 2

Voicing

Answer 2

activity of the vocal folds (voiced vs not voiced)

Question 3

Place of Articulation

Answer 3

place of constriction of airflow

Question 4

Manner of articulation

Answer 4

how the air flow is constricted

Question 5

Minimal pairs

Answer 5

sounds differ by one sound (p - b)

Question 6

Place of articulation - categories

Answer 6

Bilabial
Labiodental
Interdental
Alveolar
Palatal-alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Glottal

Question 7

Bilabial

Answer 7

produced with both lips (p,b,m)

Question 8

Labiodental

Answer 8

produced with upper teeth and lower lip (f,v)

Question 9

Interdental

Answer 9

produced with tongue between upper and lower teeth (th)

Question 10

Alveolar

Answer 10

produced with tongue at/near ridge between upper front teeth: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n]

Question 11

Palato-alveolar

Answer 11

tongue near or at the ridge behind front teeth; [sh], [jungle]

Question 12

Palatal

Answer 12

produced at hard palate: [j] - yacht

Question 13

Velar

Answer 13

velum: [g] (good), [k]

Question 14

Glottal

Answer 14

produced at glottis, space between vocal fold: [h]

Question 15

Mannar of articulation - categories

Answer 15

nasal
stops
fricatives
affricates
liquids
glide

Question 16

Nasal

Answer 16

velum is lowered, air passes through nasal cavity: [m], [n], [ng]

Question 17

Stops

Answer 17

complete constriction of airflow followed by a release of air: [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]

Question 18

Fricatives

Answer 18

“bottleneck” of airflow is created by the tongue (friction-like quality): [f], [v], [s], [z], [h]

Question 19

Affricates

Answer 19

combination of stop and fricative: judge, [t+sh]

Question 20

Liquids

Answer 20

tongue moves, air passes on one/both sides of the tongue (semi-vowels): [l], [r]

Question 21

Glide

Answer 21

air flows almost freely (semi-vowels): [w], [j]

Question 22

Vowels

Answer 22

sounds produced without constriction of the airway - sound dependant on level of advancement of the tongue

Question 23

Features of vowels

Answer 23

tongue height
tongue advancement
vowel length
lip rounding

Question 24

Simple vowels

Answer 24

produced in a steady state

Question 25

Dipthongs

Answer 25

combining positions of two vowels

Question 26

Prosodic structure of words

Answer 26

onset, rhyme, nucleus, coda

Question 27

Prosodic features and acoustic correlations

Answer 27

Length, pitch, loudness