Week 3 Flashcards
Consonants
Sounds produced through the constriction of the vocal tract modifying the breath stream from larynx
Voicing
activity of the vocal folds (voiced vs not voiced)
Place of Articulation
place of constriction of airflow
Manner of articulation
how the air flow is constricted
Minimal pairs
sounds differ by one sound (p - b)
Place of articulation - categories
Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Palatal-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Bilabial
produced with both lips (p,b,m)
Labiodental
produced with upper teeth and lower lip (f,v)
Interdental
produced with tongue between upper and lower teeth (th)
Alveolar
produced with tongue at/near ridge between upper front teeth: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n]
Palato-alveolar
tongue near or at the ridge behind front teeth; [sh], [jungle]
Palatal
produced at hard palate: [j] - yacht
Velar
velum: [g] (good), [k]
Glottal
produced at glottis, space between vocal fold: [h]
Mannar of articulation - categories
nasal stops fricatives affricates liquids glide
Nasal
velum is lowered, air passes through nasal cavity: [m], [n], [ng]
Stops
complete constriction of airflow followed by a release of air: [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]
Fricatives
“bottleneck” of airflow is created by the tongue (friction-like quality): [f], [v], [s], [z], [h]
Affricates
combination of stop and fricative: judge, [t+sh]
Liquids
tongue moves, air passes on one/both sides of the tongue (semi-vowels): [l], [r]
Glide
air flows almost freely (semi-vowels): [w], [j]
Vowels
sounds produced without constriction of the airway - sound dependant on level of advancement of the tongue
Features of vowels
tongue height
tongue advancement
vowel length
lip rounding
Simple vowels
produced in a steady state
Dipthongs
combining positions of two vowels
Prosodic structure of words
onset, rhyme, nucleus, coda
Prosodic features and acoustic correlations
Length, pitch, loudness
