Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

the study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases and sentences

Question 2

Lexical semantics

Answer 2

meaning of words, meaning relationships between words

Question 3

Phrasal semantics

Answer 3

meaning of syntactic units larger than the word

Question 4

Pragmatics

Answer 4

how context affects meaning

Question 5

Reference

Answer 5

the relationship between words and things in the world

Question 6

Semantic features

Answer 6

aspects of meaning by binary features (child = young + human)

Question 7

Taxonomic relationships

Answer 7

subject-based classification; allowas related terms to be grouped together
Divides into subordinate categories

Question 8

Attributive relationships

Answer 8

properties associated with the category

Question 9

Part-whole relationships

Answer 9

one concept is included within another regardless of context

Question 10

Functional relationships

Answer 10

functions associated with the category

Question 11

Gradable antonym

Answer 11

on a continuum (large, small)

Question 12

Relational antonym

Answer 12

if not one, you are the other (student, teacher)

Question 13

Complementary

Answer 13

discrete category (alive, dead)

Question 14

Hyponymy

Answer 14

meaning of a word included in the meaning of a more general word; colour - red, blue

Question 15

Polysemy

Answer 15

two or more related meanings to a morpheme; mole, letter

Question 16

Homonymy

Answer 16

words that are the same with different meanings; bat, bank, saw

Question 17

Homophomes

Answer 17

same sound, different spelling, different meaning

Question 18

Homographs

Answer 18

same spelling, different sound, different meaning

Question 19

Metaphor

Answer 19

a semantic anomaly - doesn’t make sense literally, carries meaning

Question 20

Idiom

Answer 20

a metaphor that has become convention

Question 21

Agent

Answer 21

subject of the sentence

Question 22

Patient

Answer 22

the object of the sentence (recipient of the action)

Question 23

Location

Answer 23

where the action is occuring

Question 24

Goal

Answer 24

where the action is being directed; endpoint of change in location/possession

Question 25

Source

Answer 25

where action originated

Question 26

Instrument

Answer 26

object used to accomplish the action

Question 27

Semantic feature theory

Answer 27

cluster/list of defining terms; some concepts don’t have defining features

Question 28

Prototype theory

Answer 28

classification depends on degree of overalp with prototype; typicallity approach

Question 29

Hierachial semantic model

Answer 29

concepts are represented as nodes; connections depict semantic relationships

Question 30

Cognitive economy - hierachial semantic model

Answer 30

explanation of knowledge of relationship without storage of specific info

Question 31

Problems with hierachial networks

Answer 31

typicality effect - not all nodes of same semantic distance are equal
Frequency of associate affects classification time

Question 32

Spreading Activation Network Theory

Answer 32

Activation based retrieval mechanism; reduces over distance and time
Activation in semantic network spreads to logogens and speech lexical access
Levels of processing interact; top-down effect on lexical access

Question 33

Spreading Activation Network Theory - evaluation

Answer 33

explains typicality effects
explains semantic context effects
doesn’t account for phonological, syntactic or morphological aspects of words