Syntax

Question 1

Auxiliaries

Answer 1

helping verbs; am, is, have, would, might, shall

Question 2

Complementiser

Answer 2

Introduces clauses embedded within a sentence; that, for, if, whether

Question 3

Syntactic ambiguity

Answer 3

the posibility of interpreting the same words using two different syntactic structures

Question 4

Coordinated complex sentences

Answer 4

two SVO’s joined with a conjunction; the man ate a banana and the woman ate an apple

Question 5

Subordinated complex sentences

Answer 5

One sentence embedded in another; adds more detail about the key noun
“the man who visited my sister last night learned italian”

Question 6

Garden path sentences

Answer 6

grammatically correct sentence; construction leads to incorrect intepretation

Question 7

Late closure strategy

Answer 7

Attach incoming material to phrase most recently processed; “he said that he slept yesterday” - yesterday = slept, not said

Question 8

Minimal attachment theory

Answer 8

listeners create the simplest structure consistent with grammar

Question 9

Prosody

Answer 9

Modulation of the voice - intonation, amplitude, duration; marks syntactic boundaries to facilitate parsing (longer pausing at end of phrase constituent, increased duration of final stressed vowel)

Question 10

Spoonerisms

Answer 10

Shifts
exchanges
anticipation
perseveration
addition
deletions 
substitutions (freudian slips)
blends

Question 11

Blends and substitutions

Answer 11

lexical selection errors; lexical alternatives avaliable during selection

Question 12

Dysfluencies

Answer 12

stuttering, pausing/ hesitation - necessary to allow on-line speech production