Week 3 Flashcards
Muhammad’s Successor
Abu Bakr
The War of Apostasy (Ridda)
A series of wars against Bedouin rebels led by Abu Bakr.
Musaylama
A group of people who followed what Muslims believe to be a false prophet.
Second Caliph
Umar
Dhimmi
A contract where non-Muslims would not be treated poorly in Muslim conquered lands.
Jizya
A tax for non-muslims who are under Muslim rule in exchange for protection.
Umar’s Legacy
Umar is known for conquering Byzantine, Sassanids, Egypt, and Iraq. He also established garrison towns.
Madrasa
Any Islamic education system.
Ijtihad
Individual reasoning of the Qur’an
Third Caliph
Uthman
Fourth Caliph
Ali
The Battle of Camel
Aisha followers tried to overthrow Ali’s leadership but failed
Muawiyya
Governor of Syria who refused to show loyalty to Ali.
The Battle of Siffin
Ali vs Muawiyya
Ended in arbitration
The Kharijtes
Those who once supported Ali but disagreed with Arbitration with Muawiyya.
Fifth Caliph
Muawiyya, but told Hasayn he could be caliph following his reign.
Sixth Caliph
Yazid, son of Muawiyya. This father to son caliph transition was the first in the hereditary monarchy in Islamic history.
The Karbala Tragedy
With Muhammad’s grandson, Hasayn, was murdered by Yazid troops.
Seventh Caliph
Muawiyya II (lasted for 40 days)
Eighth Caliph
Marwan
Zubayr
A Meccan who tried to declare himself caliph during Marwan’s rule.
Revolt of Mukhtar
Iraqis who were loyal to Ali. They tried to revolt against Marwan and Zubayr. but failed.
Ninth Caliph
Abd al-Malik
Tenth Caliph
al-Walid
