Week 14

Question 1

Muslim Secular Liberals

Answer 1

Those who fully embrace Western values and view Islam as a private devotion.

Question 2

Liberal Islamists

Answer 2

Those believe in liberalism, but believe Islam should be foundation in a state’s social, political, and cultural order.

Question 3

Shura

Answer 3

Public consultation (Democracy)

Question 4

al-Ghanoushi

Answer 4

Anti-secularist. Believed westernization has freed people in the west, however in the Muslim world it has been used to preserve authoritarianism.

Question 5

Indigenous Modernity

Answer 5

Muslims should modernize independently from the West.

Question 6

Abdul Karim Soroush

Answer 6

Was originally part of Iranian revolution. Strayed from the regime on the issue of the Ulama. He believed they were fallible.

Question 7

Mahdi Bazargan

Answer 7

An Iranian intellectual during revolution. Also didn’t agree with the legitimacy of the jurists (Ulama). Believed in secularism.

Question 8

Al-Ghazali

Answer 8

An Egyptian religious scholar (ulama) who believed Muslims ought to focus on themselves before the West. Was very critical of fellow Ulama who he thought was simply selling their laws to a secularist regime. Thought Islam must be included in all aspects of life.

Question 9

al-Ghazali

Answer 9

Was critical of the denigration of women, and of sufism.

Question 10

Abdessalam Yassine

Answer 10

Former Sufi master, turned politician. Believed Sufism could be used politically to revive the umma. Believed Jihad was internal.

Question 11

Islamization of Modernity

Answer 11

Yassine believed in modernization but run as an Islamic state. Believed this should be achieved by individuals leading by example. Believed women are more protected in Islam than in the West. Was a feminist.

Question 12

Abdullah Azzam

Answer 12

Prominent figure defending Muslim against Soviet invasion in 1979. Palestinian professor of theology. Believed everyone must take part in Jihad.

Question 13

Afghanistan

Answer 13

Because of the invasion of the soviets, it became a base for Jihadist to take out their anger against the west. The US, Saudis, and Pakistan financed these jihadis to beat the soviets.

Question 14

Osama bin Laden

Answer 14

A rich Saudi who left his fortune to fight with Jihadis in Afghanistan.

Question 15

Ayman al-Zawahiri

Answer 15

Egyptian doctor. Who had strong resentments towards the West.

Question 16

Terror for Terror

Answer 16

The US killed Muslim women and children, so Al-Qaeda did it back.

Question 17

Amity and Enmity

Answer 17

A kharajites phrase, which means be hostile towards nonbelievers. Led to fiqh Saudi government.