week 22 lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

reliability

A

same results across time

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2
Q

validity

A

test measuring what it’s supposed to measure

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3
Q

Rorschach Ink Blot Test

A

correct answer: winged creature

if not, you could have psychopathology, anxiety, preoccupation with others

NOT valid or reliable

still used widely

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4
Q

5-factor model of personality

A

aka “big 5” or OCEAN

Opennes - adventourous

consciousness - organized vs careless

extroversion - social vsseclusive

agreeableness - easyness vs firm

neurotism - worrying vs calm

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5
Q

extroversion

A

Socialable
warm
assertive
active
excitement-seeking
positive emotionality

WHO HIGH???
Spongebob
jack sparrow

WHO LOW???
Batman

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6
Q

conscientiousness

A

competent
orderly
dutiful
achievement oriented
self-disciplined
deliberate

WHO HIGH???
Hermione

WHO LOW???
Garfield

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7
Q

Neuroticism - tendency to experience negative emotions

A

anxious
angry
depressed
self-conscious
impulsive
vulnerable

WHO HIGH???
Kanye West

WHO LOW???
Jake Peralta

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8
Q

Openness to experience

A

fantasy prone
open to
feelings
diverse behaviours
new and different ideas
various values and beliefs
new experiences

WHO HIGH?
DORA
Alice in wonderland

WHO LOW?
Sheldon

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9
Q

Agreeableness

A

trusting
straightforward
altruistic
compliant
modest

HWO HIGH???
Thai Lee
Bob Ross

WHO LOW???
ROSA
Larry David

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10
Q

Agreeable vs. Open

A

Someone who is agreeable might agree to go on new experience, but isn’t necessarily their preference

Someone open to new experience might not always find it easy to get along with others

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11
Q

High in openness to experience, but low in agreeableness

A

TONY STARK
HOUSE
open to new experience
but he’s stern, sets boundaries, HIS WAY

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12
Q

Low in openness to experience, high in agreeableness

A

Piglet
Super nice but doesn’t like to change the way they think

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13
Q

Outcomes from OCEAN 5 factor model

A

subjective wellbeing
- high extroversion
- low neuroticism

physical health
- high consciousness
- high agreeableness

Relationship quality
- high agreeableness
- low neuroticism

Volunteerism
- high agreeableness

Academic & Work Performance
- high consciousness

Work preferences
- high openness and artistic work

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14
Q

Beyond bug 5
HEXACO model

A

*Honestly-Humility emerged as an important personality facet in cross-cultural research

Personality:
- Honestly-Humility
- Emotionality
- Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Openness

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15
Q

HEXACO VS OCEAN (5FactorModel)

A

Emotionality
- fearfulness
- anxiety
- dependence
- sentimentality
* Some overlap Neuroticism + includes sentimentality but excludes anger

Honestly-Humility
- sincerity
- fairness
- greed avoidance
- modesty
* Prosocial aspects not measured by the big 5
* Inversely related to materialism, unethical practices, antisocial behaviour

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16
Q

Other personality Factors

A

Machiavellianism - cunningness, the ability to be manipulative, and a drive to use whatever means necessary to gain power

Need for achievement

Need for cognition

Authoritarianism

Narcissism

Self-Esteem

Optimism

Alexithymia - difficulty experiencing, identifying, and expressing emotions

17
Q

Assessments for behaviour OBJECTIVE TESTS (2)

A

Objective Tests

  1. Self-report measures
    *describe self in response to questions
    * level of agreement/accuracy

EX. International Personality Item Pool (IPIP)
- 3320 items, 463 scales
- assertiveness, focus of control, sensation-seeking
EX. from IPIP
How much do the following statements describe you?
- love dangerous situations
- would like to try bungee jumping
- prefer fear to boredom

  1. Informant ratings
    *ask someone who knows the person well

Pros
- High validity
- strong self-other agreement
- predictive of behaviour and performance measures
- Lack of distortions present in self-ratings
- lower risk of social desirability effects

18
Q

Assessments for behaviour PROJECTIVE & IMPLICIT TESTS

A

Projective & Implicit tests

Pros
- some evidence of validity
- can provide insight into affect and cognition
- more aggressive content in TAT descriptions after being primed with images of guns vs. control objects

Cons
- more difficult to administer and score
- lack of standardized scoring & norms

EXAMPLES

  • Rorschach (inkblot) test
    *widely considered pseudoscientific
    *lack empirical evidence & validity
    *No demonstrated value over self-reports
  • Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
  • Implicit Association Test
    EX. Implicit Association Test (IAT)
  • examine strength of association between concepts
    ex. faster responses to categorization

Behaviour & performance measures
- EAR
- Experiments

19
Q

Implicit Association Test (IAT)- EVERYONE IS RACIST???

Pros and cons of IAT

A

Are you faster to automatically associate black people with good or bad? White people?

  • associating black with more negative compared to others =. more prejudice
  • associating white people with more good compared to others = more prejudice

IAT

Pros
- lower risk of social desirability
- may measure “non-conscious” aspects of personality

Cons
- mediocre reliability
- disputes regarding what it is measuring
- strength of associations? beliefs? conscious or unconscious?

20
Q

Behavioural & Performance Measures

A

EAR - Electronically Activated Recorder
- captures auditory information (ex. speach) outside of laboratory environments

PROS
- permits longer durations of observation (over days, months, etc)
- Unobtrusive
- Habituation
- Correlates with self and other rated traits such as extraversion

CONS
- hawthorne effect (you know you’re being observes)
- noncompliance

21
Q

Personality describes…

A

the fundamental ways people differ from each others

22
Q

TWO most common conceptualizations of personality traits

A

The Big Five - OCEAN

HEXACO