Practice exam Flashcards
Jules strikes those around her as being very odd. She smears lipstick across her cheeks and often hops on every third step when she walks. These examples of ______indicate the possibility that Jules suffers from schizophrenia.
Derailment
In the debate on whether there can be “successful” psychopaths, one theory argues that which combination may lead to success?
boldness without disinhibition
Jessmine suffers from a personality disorder that is described by her clinician as “ego-syntonic.” What does this mean?
She is comfortable with her own (probably bad) personality traits and behaviours
disyntonic - is when behaviour is not in harmony with self perspective
What kind of treatments have been found to be as good as, if not better than, medication for dealing with a variety of anxiety disorders?
CBT
Which of the following personality traits has been found to predict important life outcomes, such as job success, health, and longevity?
conscientiousness
Adolescents’ emotions are most strongly tied to their ______.
self- esteem
The ______model describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed moods, which can cause problems with their children’s adjustment.
Family Stress
Countries with a(n) ______ economy usually have a population with an emerging adulthood life stage.
developed
Which of the BIG 5 personality dimensions is most associated with being a cause of positive feelings?
high levels of extroversion
Which component of the Triarchic model of psychopathology focuses on dominance, emotional resiliency, and assuredness?
boldness
When Melvin calls his older brother and asks him how things are going, the response he often gets is, “Things are pretty good in my world!” This answer most relates to which type of happiness?
Life satisfaction
According to McAdams and Cox (2010), the two factors that serve as the main currency of the self as a social actor are ______ and roles.
traits
Researchers study social relationships using different methods such as objective, subjective, and ______ measures.
correlational
What is the best way to describe the relationship between the personality traits in the Five-Factor Model?
The traits are relatively independent. A high score on one trait tells little about a score on another trait.
According to Erik Erickson, the most important conflict in adolescence involves what?
identity formation
One reason why relationships relate to good health is that they help reduce ______.
stress
In order to be formally diagnosed with a major depressive episode, symptoms must be present for a minimum of ______and cause significant distress.
2 weeks
______value refers to a neuropsychological measure of an outcome’s affective importance to an organism.
intrinsic
Identify the most accurate statement about one’s intelligence quotient (IQ).
It ranks an individual’s intellectual ability against that of other people.
Lee is writing an essay on ______vulnerabilities to anxiety disorders. He will spend his time researching early experiences and how they impact one’s view of the world around them.
psychological
Shavonne is a very optimistic person. She tends to see the good in situations, and others say she is “perpetually pleasant.” This is an example of a ______happiness process.
top-down
Since Julie is the 3rd grade bully, she has few friends. She most likely has a(n) ______ attachment pattern.
avoidant
Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the Five-Factor Model of personality?
There are few personality traits that are outside of the model.
Most of those attending an anti-war rally left with an even stronger view on gun control due to the concept:
group polarization
The best term to describe the personality factor that would be the opposite of Agreeableness in the Five Factor Model is ______.
antagonism
When emerging adults explore different identities, they develop an understanding of who they are, what their beliefs are, and how they ______.
fit into society
What is one of the problems that McAdams—a noted authority on the psychology of the self—has raised about the prevalence of redemptive narratives in American culture?
They lead people to believe that suffering will always be redeemed.
How can emotions help with thinking?
Emotions facilitate memory of past events that match one’s current emotional state.
What is the biggest advantage of cognitive behavioral therapy for people with psychological difficulties?
The abundance of empirical support for its effectiveness.
Neshama is only 4 years old, and her grandmother says to her, “Sweetheart, tell me something about yourself!” Which of the following is Neshama likely to say at her age?
I have long brown hair
“If you can’t change the circumstance, change how you feel about the circumstance.” This short saying is a summary of the process of ______coping.
emotion-focused
The fact that people have different amounts of various personality traits rather than simply having “all” or “none” of it reflects the ______ of such traits.
continuous distribution
Some brain mechanisms that regulate sexual behavior are similar in males and females, but one distinctly female characteristic is that brain areas important for sexuality overlap extensively with those brain areas connected to ______.
nurturance
Which of the following parts of the brain normally activate when important, aka “salient,” events happen? (These areas may under-perform in those with schizophrenia.)
the ventral striatum and the anterior prefrontal cortex.
According to the research of Langlois and colleagues (1995) and van den Boom & Hoeksma (1994), infants who are ______tend to get more affectionate care from their parents. This has been found to contribute to their later cognitive development.
easygoing and attractive
Social psychologists try to conduct ______ research, meaning that they attempt to avoid making judgments about other cultures.
values-free
A person’s performance should improve in the presence of others in tasks that are ______.
simple responses
Andrew is telling his friend Laverne about sailing this past weekend, and Laverne immediately begins to imagine the boat and waves. She is using a ______to understand Andrew’s experience.
situational model
The way in which a person infers the cause or meaning of behaviors or events around them is called their ______style.
attributional
When our actions are affected by desires or impulses that are outside of our awareness, we would say that they have been impacted by ______motives.
implicit
______refers to the early emerging differences in emotional reactions and self-control that are seen in children; even early in infancy.
Temperament
Dr. Rainwood conducts research examining the differences between people of different ages. She always remembers that this particular kind of research, called ______ studies, can be susceptible to effects related to history and the time of her research.
cross-sectional
What is one of the key ways that emotions influence future behavior?
We’re motivated to behave in ways that avoid negative emotion.
Emerging adulthood is characterized by possibilities, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and ______ .
identity exploration
General Adaptation Three stages
- mobilizing the body’s physiological stress-response mechanisms.
- coping with the stress that is being experienced.
- exhausting the body’s ability to fight the stress, and developing an illness.
One major cognitive change in adolescence is a shift toward ______thinking.
abstract
Why has it been difficult for research to establish a solid answer to the question of whether person-centered therapy (PCT) is, overall, an effective approach to treating clients?
PCT is based on nonspecific treatment factors, without considering specific treatment factors to directly target a given mental problem.
Which of the following demonstrates a drive state?
Alisa has not had anything not eat all day. She is now starving and is going to go get a sandwich.
Kelly is trying to come up with a usable definition of intelligence. Which one should she pick?
A person’s ability to acquire, process, recall, and apply information.
Katrina has noticed that her mother seems less able to focus on answering a specific question while simultaneously suppressing attention to less relevant information. This skill, called ______, normally declines as people age.
inhibitory functioning
In males, the ______is a part of the brain that is strongly related to sexual arousal and pleasure.
preoptic area
What measure might a psychologist use to demonstrate that an infant does not know that his teddy bear still exists when it is removed from his field of vision?
An object permanence task.
How can you best distinguish between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode?
By the duration and level of impairment.
What was the primary criticism that David Wechsler had of the Stanford-Binet test, a criticism that motivated him to develop the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
He was suspicious of using a single score to capture all of intelligence.
What tool of theory of mind is a recent evolutionary development in humans?
mental state inference
Contemporary research on the self has found a strong effect of ______on one’s narrative identity.
culture
Gabriel likes to read and look at websites about the solar system. His father encourages him to go play sports, hoping that Gabriel will come to enjoy these activities. Which of the following best describe this scenario?
Gabriel’s temperament and his father’s parenting practices are a poor goodness-of-fit.
Infants with ______ type of attachment are not concerned when their parents leave the room and may even shun them upon their return.
avoidant
People’s judgments about various situations are predictably affected by ______, or mistakes that influence how we evaluate those circumstances.
biases
When he plays baseball against less-skilled kids younger than himself, Atohi sees himself as being a particularly good player. When he plays with older kids, Atohi feels that he is not very good at the game. This difference demonstrates the ______effect.
reference group
Today, a behavior is considered ______ if it interferes with effective functioning in daily work or relationships.
abnormal
According to linguistic intergroup bias, people tend to use ______ to characterize their ingroup more positively and outgroups more negatively
abstract expressions
The belief that group hierarchies are inevitable to sustain order
discontinuous development
What kind of change patterns might be described as a series of starts and stops
discontinuous development
Piagets four stages of development in order
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete
- Formal
OCEAN and its Opposites
Openness - Closedness
Consciousness - disinhibition
Extraversion - Introversion
Agreeableness - Antagonism
Neuroticism - Emotional Stability
Avoidant Personality Disorder personality traits
Introversion + neuroticism
Dependant Personality Disorder personality traits
Neurotic + maladaptive agreeableness
Antisocial Personality Disrorder personality traits
Antagonism + low consciousness
OCD personality traits
Maladaptive consciousness
Schizoid personality traits
introversion
Borderline personality traits
neuroticism
Histrionic Disorder personality traits
Maladaptive Extroversion
*Excessively emotional and dramatic
Narcissistic personality traits
neuroticism, maladaptive extraversion, antagonism, consciousness
Schitzopypal personality traits
neuroticism, introversion, antagonism
Who with disorders seek help most?
Borderline
*Avoidant 2nd place
Retardation vs. Psychomotor agitation
Retardation - physical slow
Psychomotor agitation - physical fast
When are personality disorders syndromes
When personality disorders is a constellation of maladaptive personality traits, rather than just one particular personality trait
Schizophrenia
Schizotypal
Schizoid
Schizophrenia
- YOU’RE FUCKING CRAZY
- SEEING A LOT OF SHIT
Schizotypal
- YOU HAVE MAGICAL THOUGHTS AND IGNORE SOCIAL NORMS
- SEEING SOME MINOR SHIT
Schizoid
- YOU WILLINGLY WANT TO BE ALONE
- NOT AT ALL SEEING SHIT
Avoidant personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
Dependant personality
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation.
Antisocial personality
A pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others. These behaviors may be aggressive or destructive and may involve breaking laws or rules, deceit or theft.
OCD
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.
Borderline Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
Narcissistic personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behaviour), need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
