Week 2 - STEP 2 of EBP process

Question 1

What is a background question

Answer 1

This asks for general knowledge about a condition, basic understanding.
IT IS NOT ASKED TO MAKE A CLINICAL DECISION

Question 2

What is a foreground question

Answer 2

This asks for specific knowledge. Is related to an intervention.
IS USED TO MAKE A CLINICAL DECISION

Question 3

Frameworks used to help formulate a foreground question IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Answer 3

1. PICO
   P - patient/population (defines who you are interested in)
   I - intervention (what intervention is being used/interested i)
   C - comparison intervention (compare with main alternative)
   0 - outcome (does it work, the result)
   EXAMPLE: when diagnosing osteoarthritis in older adults, is having an X-ray or MRI scan more accurate?
2. PECOT (different to ^ because it is more broader and has a timeframe - is good for chronic diseases)
   P - patient/ population
   E - exposure (a.k.a intervention)
   C - comparison
   O - outcome (what do you hope to achieve)
   T - timeframe (considers the timeframe for when the outcome is desired, short term or long term)
   EXAMPLE: What is the evidence of using chocolate compared to medication in treating adults with chronic depression for improving mood, quality of life and participation in a month?

Question 4

Frameworks used to help formulate a foreground question IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Answer 4

PIC (used for gaining peoples perspective)
P - people/population
I - interest (what is the phenomena you are interested in)
C - context (environment)
EXAMPLE: What is the experience of women in a domestic environment?

Question 5

Sources need to have what to be trustworthy

Answer 5

Accuracy: The reliability of the information
Authority: The source of the information
Currency: The timeliness of the information
Purpose: The possible bias present in the information
Relevance: The depth and importance of the information

DON'T USE INTERWEBS, USE DATABASES
because evidence needs to be 
- TRANSPARENT
- COMPREHENSIVE
- REPRODUCIBLE

Question 6

Types of literature

Answer 6

1. Black Literature
   - research that is published in peer reviewed journals
   - however not all articles are published if the outcomes were negative or has no effect (they only want positive ones)
2. Grey Literature
   - this does include the negative and null
   - it also includes government, business and companies that put up their own literature.