Week 11

Question 1

What is the evidence practice gap?

Answer 1

The evidence practice gap is what has been demonstrated in RESEARCH to be effective and accurate is not actually being used in health care/PRACTICE.

examples:

• patients receive diagnostic tests/medication that are not evidence based
• patients don’t receive the recommended care
• poor safety and quality due to lack of using EBP

Question 2

Implementing evidence in clinical practice - traditional method

Answer 2

this was giving out new information in brochures, articles to doctors to read and then apply, however their desks just ended up looking like a pile of paper that don’t get looked at then chucked out

Question 3

Intention behaviour gap?

Answer 3

This is a myth that humans will act on their intentions

Question 4

Barries to EBP

Answer 4

characteristics of the:

• practitioner (their values, skills and awareness)
• setting (resources, team, time
• the research (methodology soundness, access)

Question 5

Barriers to implementing evidence

Answer 5

• patient expectations
• EBP process (it is a difficult process)
• team issue (multidisciplinary)
• time/cost/facilities
• care process (lack of uniformity among health professionals)
• expectations of stakeholders (they all have a different purpose/role/want)

Question 6

What does and doesn’t work when implementing EBP

Answer 6

CONSISTENLY EFFECTIVE
- education outreach
- reminders
- interactive education
- support systems
(a MULTIFACETED approach)

VARIABLY EFFECTIVE

• audit and feedback
• experts

LITTLE TO NO EFFECT
- education materials alone (handouts)
^this is because it is a passive approach, reply on health professionals to read it however they have competitive reading time from other people too.

UNKNOWN EFFECT
- financial incentives

Question 7

What to consider when trying to implement change

Answer 7

• relating to individual professional
  what is the reason for the resistance to change (is it their attitude - then focus on changing that, is it their lack of knowledge - then give them info, is it their motivation - try and hype them up
• relating to social context (social influence, if everyone else is doing so will they, looking at other peers and comparison)
• relating to organisational/economic context (is the organisation keen for change, will it be too complex to change, the cost for them etc)

Question 8

Health Care stakeholders

Answer 8

• patient/consumer
• family and friends
• health professionals
• referrers (GP)
• funders, administrators (NDIS)
• policy makers
• media

Question 9

Knowledge Translation

Answer 9

the process and strategy that can lead to increased utilisation of research findings and improve outcomes for health care stakeholders

METHODS
- push (info pushed onto stakeholders) and pull (stakeholders seek info) method

• two communities (those who generate research evidence (researchers) and those that use research evidence (stakeholders)
• exchange model (best one) as there is regular dialogue and communication, there is interaction

Question 10

Barriers of Knowledge Translation

Answer 10

• resistance to research evidence (It doesn’t relate to clinical practice)
• what’s been done in the past works and will keep working
• assume everyone will understand the information
• it takes time, cost and effort to do so

Question 11

When communicating knowledge translation with stakeholders…

Answer 11

• messages must be specific to audience (different stakeholders have different interest)
• message relate to needs of stakeholder (answer why it relates to them and what’s in it for them)
• multifaceted, interactive process are most effective

Question 12

Difference between patient centred care, paternalistic health care and informed consent model

Answer 12

PATIENT CENTRED CARE
- Respect their values, interests, beliefs, emotional support, physical comfort, involve family and friends, provide information and education, involve client in decision making, transition and continuous support.

PATERNALISTIC
- health professionals make decisions for patient

INFORMED CONSENT
- patients making decisions by themselves after being informed

Question 13

Methods of Communication

Answer 13

VERBAL

• active listening
• use simple terms
• ask to repeat
• write down for client

WRITTEN

• readability (its clear and understandable)
• content is best evidence
• illustrations
• engaging

Question 14

The criteria for judging quantitative and qualitative data

^this is just a random as question from a different week but yeah

Answer 14

QUANT
external validity
internal validity 
objectivity 
reliability

QUAL
dependability (replicability)
transferability
confirmability
credibility (source is believable)