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Nursing Theory IV B- Anita's Class > Week 2: Psychosocial Theories and Therapy > Flashcards

Week 2: Psychosocial Theories and Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the 6 psychosocial theories?

A
  1. Psychoanalytic (Freud)
  2. Developmental (Erikson, Piaget)
  3. Interpersonal (Sullivan, Peplau)
  4. Humanistic (Maslow, Rogers)
  5. Behavioural (Pavlov, Skinner)
  6. Existential (Beck, Ellis, Frankl, Perls, Glasser)
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2
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory(personality)?

A
  • Developed in the 19th-early 20th century by Sigmund Freud
  • Supports the notion that all human behaviour is caused and explainable
  • Believed that repressed sexual impulses, desires motivate much of the human behaviour
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3
Q

What is “hysterical” based on Freud’s theory?

A
  • no physiological basis
  • women who displayed unusual behaviours such as disturbance of sight and speech, inability to eat, and paralysis of limbs
  • Resulted from childhood trauma or failure to complete tasks of psychosocial development
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4
Q

What is Freuds 3 personality components?

A
  1. Id
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
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5
Q

What is the Id? (Freud)

A

-Seeks instant gratification, causing impulsive unthinking behaviour, and has no regard for rules or social convention
- One’s nature that reflects basic or innate desires such as pleasure seeking behaviours, aggression, and sexual impulses
- Pleasure system (reacts head on and right away to basic urges, needs, and desires.)

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6
Q

What is the ego? (Freud)

A
  • Decision making component of personality that has been influenced by the world
  • Represents mature and adaptive behaviour that allows a person to function successfully in the world
  • Strong ego= strong sense of self-awareness
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7
Q

What is the superego? (Freud)

A
  • Moral conscience (values and morals that they have learned growing up and in society)
  • superego function is to control the id’s impulses and ego’s moralistic goals rather than simple ones
  • Emerge around age five
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8
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory(behaviour)?

A
  • Behaviour is motivated by subconscious thoughts and feelings
  • Consists of the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
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9
Q

What is conscious mind?

A
  • Exists in person’s awareness
  • It is everything that we are mentally and physically aware of
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10
Q

What is preconscious mind?

A
  • Can be recalled with effort
  • thoughts, feelings, and memories that can be and will be pulled into the conscious thoughts straightforwardly without any troubles.
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11
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A
  • Motivates people even though we are totally unaware of them
  • No one knows what is stored here. It is believed that everything that is stored here is all the things a person is refusing to acknowledge for either if it is for personal reasons or something that terrifies them.
  • Traumatic events that are too painful are stored here
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12
Q

What is a dream analysis?

A

Believed that a person’s dreams reflect their subconscious

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13
Q

What is a Freudian slip?

A
  • “slip of the tongue”
  • What we say or do is motivated by preconscious or unconscious
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14
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory(Psychosexual)?

A

Stages of development

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15
Q

What is the oral psychosexual stages of development?

A

0-1 year old
- children derive pleasure from oral activities, including sucking and tasting. they like to put things into their mouth

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16
Q

What is the anal psychosexual stages of development?

A

2-3 years old
- Children begin potty training

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17
Q

What is the phallic psychosexual stages of development?

A

3-6 years old
- boys are more attracted to their mother while girls are more attracted to their father

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18
Q

What is the latency psychosexual stages of development?

A

6 years old to puberty
- Children spend more time and interact mostly with same sex peers

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19
Q

What is the genital psychosexual stages of development?

A

Beyond puberty
- Individuals are attracted to opposite sex peers

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20
Q

What is Erik Erkisons developmental theory?

A
  • Eight psychosocial stages of development
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21
Q

What is Jean Piagets developmental theory?

A
  • Cognitive, intellectual development
  • Four stages:
    Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
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22
Q

What is trust vs mistrust developmental theory (Erik)?

A

infant to 18 months
- if needs are met, infants develop trust

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23
Q

What is autonomy vs shame/doubt developmental theory (Erik)?

A

18 months to 3 years
- if needs are met, toddlers learn to exercise and nothings for themselves or they will doubt themselves

24
Q

What is initiative vs guilt developmental theory (Erik)?

A

3-5 years
- preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

25
Q

What is industry vs inferiority developmental theory (Erik)?

A

5-13 years
- children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

26
Q

What is identity vs confusion developmental theory (Erik)?

A

13-21 years
- teenagers work at refining sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they become confused about who they are

27
Q

What is intimacy vs isolation developmental theory (Erik)?

A

21-39 years
- young adult struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love or they feel socially isolated

28
Q

What is generatively vs stagnation developmental theory (Erik)?

A

40-65 years
- middle aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work or they may feel a lack of purpose

29
Q

What is integrity vs despair developmental theory (Erik)?

A

65 + years
- when reflecting on life the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

30
Q

What is sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s stage of development?

A

0-2 years
- differentiates self from objects
- begins to act intentionally
- Achieves object permanence: realize things still exist even when they no longer present to the sense

31
Q

What is pre-operational stage in Piaget’s stage of development?

A

2-7 years
- learns to use language and to represent objects by images and words
- Thinking is still egocentric: difficulty seeing the view of others
- classifies objects by a single features: can separate blocks by color

32
Q

What is concrete operational stage in Piaget’s stage of development?

A

7-11 years
- can think logically about objects and events
- Achieves conservation of number, mass, and weight
- Classifies objects by several features and can order them in series along a single dimension

33
Q

What is formal operational stage in Piaget’s stage of development?

A

11 years +
- Can think logically about abstract propositions and test hypotheses systematically
- Becomes concerned with the hypothetical, the future, and ideological problems

34
Q

What is Harry Sullivans interpersonal theories?

A
  • Extended the theory of personality development to include the significance of interpersonal relationships
  • inadequate or non-satisfying relationships produce anxiety which he saw was a basis for all emotional problems
    Five life stages: infancy, childhood, juvenile, preadolescence, adolescence
35
Q

What is Milieu therapy?

A

Pt interact with one another, including practicing interpersonal relationship skills, giving one another feedback about behaviours, and working cooperatively as a group to solve day-to-day problems
- was a primary method of treatment but now stays are too short

36
Q

What is Hildegard Peplau interpersonal theories?

A

Nurse’s role to meet ct’s needs: stranger, resource person, teacher, surrogate, counselor
Four Phases: orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution
- believes anxiety as a psychic threat
- four levels of anxiety: mild, moderate, severe, panic

37
Q

What is Abraham Maslow’s humanistic theory?

A

Hierarchy of needs
- Basic (bottom)physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization(top).
- must meet bottom needs before going up

38
Q

What is Carl Rogers humanistic theory?

A
  • Client-entered therapy (focus on client’s role)
  • unconditional positive regard, genuineness, empathetic understanding
39
Q

What is Ivan Pavlovs behavioural theories?

A

Classical conditioning
- Focused on behaviourism
Ex. Pavlov’s dogs

40
Q

What is behaviourism?

A

Focus on observable behaviour changes, not how mind works

41
Q

What is B.F. Skinners operant conditioning?

A
  • All behaviour is learned, behaviour has consequences(reward or punishment)
  • includes continuous and random intermittent reinforcement
42
Q

What is continuous reinforcement?

A
  • Reward every time the behaviour occurs
  • fastest way to increase that behaviour, but the behaviour will not last long after the reward ceases
43
Q

What is random intermittent reinforcement?

A
  • Occasional rewarder the desired behaviour
  • Slower to produce an increase in behaviour, but the behaviour continues after reward ceases
44
Q

True or False: Abraham Maslow was the first theorist to focus on the client’s role

A

False
Rationale: Carl Rogers was the first to focus on the client’s role in his client-centered therapy

45
Q

What is existential theories?

A

Overall belief is deviations occur when person is out of touch with self or environment
goal: return person to authentic sense of self
Many use cognitive therapy to help focus on immediate thought processing

46
Q

What is crisis intervention?

A

When crisis happens it causes an overwhelming emotional response

47
Q

What are the four stages of crisis?

A
  1. Exposure to stressor: Experiences anxiety and tries to cope in a customary manner
  2. Increased anxiety when usual coping effective
  3. Increased efforts to deal with stressor
  4. When coping attempts fail, the person experiences disequilibrium, significant distress
48
Q

What are the three categories of crisis?

A
  1. Maturational
  2. Situational
  3. Adventitious/social
49
Q

What is the maturational categories of crisis?

A
  • Sometimes called “developmental”
  • Predictable events in the normal course of life
    Ex. leaving home, marriage
50
Q

What is the situational categories of crisis?

A

Unanticipated or sudden events that threaten person’s integrity
Ex. death of spouse, loss of job, etc)

51
Q

What is the adventitious/social categories of crisis?

A

Include natural disasters like flood, earthquakes, hurricanes, war, and violent crimes such as rape or murder

52
Q

What are crisis intervention techniques?

A

Directive interventions: assess health status, promote problem-solving
Supportive interventions: deal with person’s needs for empathetic understanding

53
Q

What is individual psychotherapy?

A

One-to-one relationship between the therapist and client
- Bringing about change in a person by exploring their feelings, attitudes, thinking, behaviour

54
Q

What is group therapy?

A

Multiple people gather to accomplish tasks that require cooperation, collaboration, or working together
- Each person can influence and be influences by other members

55
Q

What is the stages of group development?

A
  1. Pre-group stages: member selected, purpose of group identified, logistics
  2. Beginning stages: soon as group meets, members introduce themselves, leader selected, rules and expectation, determine level of comfort in group settings
  3. Working stage: may see rivalry, can be positive or negative (may be destructive)
  4. Termination: work reviewed, focus on accomplishments or growth of group members

Nursing Theory IV B- Anita's Class (21 decks)

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