Week 1: Mental Health Nursing

Question 1

Who is the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Answer 1

responsible for international public health

Question 2

What are the three factors influencing a person’s mental health?

Answer 2

1. Individual factors (personal)
2. Interpersonal factors (relationships)
3. Social/cultural factors (environmental)

Question 3

What is a mental disorder?

Answer 3

clinically significant behavioural or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual

Question 4

What is the DSM-V-5?

Answer 4

contains the most up-to-date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders

Question 5

What is the DSM-V-5 three purposes?

Answer 5

1. To provide a standardized nomenclature and language for all mental health professionals
2. To present defining characteristics or symptoms that differentiates specific diagnoses
3. To assist identifying the underlying causes of disorders

Question 6

What is the historical perspective of mental health in ancient times?

Answer 6

sickness represented displeasure of the gods, punishment for wrongdoing; treatments included starving, purging, bloodletting

Question 7

What is the period of enlightenment?

Answer 7

in 1790s saw the creation of asylums or safe havens to offer protection
- short lived b/c of the abuse. People were whipped, beaten and starved b/c they were mentally ill
- insane asylum has negative connotation

Question 8

What was the year psychotropic drugs were first available?

Answer 8

1950

Question 9

Describe mental health in the 21st century

Answer 9

• Know as a revolving door method.
  –> Hospital stays shorter, but more numerous
• Homeless population of persons with mental illness, including substance abuse is growing
• most healthcare dollars still spent on inpt psych care

Question 10

What are the 12 keys to social determinant of health?

Answer 10

• income and social status
• social support networks
• education
• employment/ working conditions
• social environments
• Physical environment
• Personal health practices and coping skills
  -Healthy child development
• Biology and genetic makeup
• Health services
• Gender
• Culture

Question 11

What are the 12 keys to social determinant of health?

Answer 11

• income and social status
• social support networks
• education
• employment/ working conditions
• social environments
• Physical environment
• Personal health practices and coping skills
  -Healthy child development
• Biology and genetic makeup
• Health services
• Gender
• Culture

Question 12

What is psychiatric nursing practice?

Answer 12

• started in 1873
• Training for mental health nurses started in 1882
• First psychiatric textbook published in 1920

Question 13

What are the three mental health neurobiology theories?

Answer 13

Genetics and heredity: Can link to genes
Psychoimmunology: compromised immune system contribute
Infections: viruses may play a role
Drug use: like weed can cause MH issues

Question 14

What are the three mental health neurobiology theories?

Answer 14

Genetics and heredity: Can link to genes
Psychoimmunology: compromised immune system contribute
Infections: viruses may play a role
Drug use: like weed can cause MH issues

Question 15

What are the three excitatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 15

1. Dopamine (particularly in brainstem)
2. Norepinephrine (most prevalent of NS, located in brainstem)
3. Epinephrine

Question 16

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 16

chemical substances manufactured in the neutron to aid in transmission of info
–> studies show differences in amounts of some neurotransmitters available in brains of people with certain mental disorders

Question 17

What is dopamine?

Answer 17

• controls complex movements of the body, motivation, and cognition
• regulates emotional response
• implicated in schizophrenia, other psychosis, and movement disorders

Question 18

What is norepinephrine?

Answer 18

Causes changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, mood
- Excess implicated in anxiety disorders, deficits memory loss, social withdraw, and depression

Question 19

What is epinephrine?

Answer 19

• Controls the flight or fight response
• Limited distribution in the brain

Question 20

What is serotonin-inhibitory?

Answer 20

• Derived from tryptophan- dietary amino acid found in protein-based food
• controls food intake, sleep, and wakefulness, temp regulation, pain control, sexual behaviours, and regulations of emotion
• important role in anxiety, mood disorders and schizophrenia

Question 21

What is gamma-aminobutyric acid(gaba)?

Answer 21

• INHIBITORY neurotransmitter
• slows down the activities of the neurons to prevent them getting too excited. Can treat anxiety
• Low level of GABA can have an association with anxiety disorder

Question 22

What is glutamine?

Answer 22

• EXCITATORY neurotransmitter
• excess is toxic

Question 23

What is histamine?

Answer 23

NEUROMODULATOR
- alertness, control of gastric secretions, cardiac stimulation, peripheral allergic responses

Question 24

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 24

INHIBITORY or EXCITATORY
- sleep and wakefulness cycle, signals muscles to become alert

Question 25

What is some examples of brain imaging techniques?

Answer 25

Computed tomography( CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Positron emission tomography (PET) Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) --> use injected radioactive substances to examine the function of the brain