Week 1: Mental Health Nursing Flashcards
Who is the World Health Organization (WHO)?
responsible for international public health
What are the three factors influencing a person’s mental health?
- Individual factors (personal)
- Interpersonal factors (relationships)
- Social/cultural factors (environmental)
What is a mental disorder?
clinically significant behavioural or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual
What is the DSM-V-5?
contains the most up-to-date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders
What is the DSM-V-5 three purposes?
- To provide a standardized nomenclature and language for all mental health professionals
- To present defining characteristics or symptoms that differentiates specific diagnoses
- To assist identifying the underlying causes of disorders
What is the historical perspective of mental health in ancient times?
sickness represented displeasure of the gods, punishment for wrongdoing; treatments included starving, purging, bloodletting
What is the period of enlightenment?
in 1790s saw the creation of asylums or safe havens to offer protection
- short lived b/c of the abuse. People were whipped, beaten and starved b/c they were mentally ill
- insane asylum has negative connotation
What was the year psychotropic drugs were first available?
1950
Describe mental health in the 21st century
- Know as a revolving door method.
–> Hospital stays shorter, but more numerous - Homeless population of persons with mental illness, including substance abuse is growing
- most healthcare dollars still spent on inpt psych care
What are the 12 keys to social determinant of health?
- income and social status
- social support networks
- education
- employment/ working conditions
- social environments
- Physical environment
- Personal health practices and coping skills
-Healthy child development - Biology and genetic makeup
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture
What are the 12 keys to social determinant of health?
- income and social status
- social support networks
- education
- employment/ working conditions
- social environments
- Physical environment
- Personal health practices and coping skills
-Healthy child development - Biology and genetic makeup
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture
What is psychiatric nursing practice?
- started in 1873
- Training for mental health nurses started in 1882
- First psychiatric textbook published in 1920
What are the three mental health neurobiology theories?
Genetics and heredity: Can link to genes
Psychoimmunology: compromised immune system contribute
Infections: viruses may play a role
Drug use: like weed can cause MH issues
What are the three mental health neurobiology theories?
Genetics and heredity: Can link to genes
Psychoimmunology: compromised immune system contribute
Infections: viruses may play a role
Drug use: like weed can cause MH issues
What are the three excitatory neurotransmitters?
- Dopamine (particularly in brainstem)
- Norepinephrine (most prevalent of NS, located in brainstem)
- Epinephrine
What are neurotransmitters?
chemical substances manufactured in the neutron to aid in transmission of info
–> studies show differences in amounts of some neurotransmitters available in brains of people with certain mental disorders
What is dopamine?
- controls complex movements of the body, motivation, and cognition
- regulates emotional response
- implicated in schizophrenia, other psychosis, and movement disorders
What is norepinephrine?
Causes changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, mood
- Excess implicated in anxiety disorders, deficits memory loss, social withdraw, and depression
What is epinephrine?
- Controls the flight or fight response
- Limited distribution in the brain
What is serotonin-inhibitory?
- Derived from tryptophan- dietary amino acid found in protein-based food
- controls food intake, sleep, and wakefulness, temp regulation, pain control, sexual behaviours, and regulations of emotion
- important role in anxiety, mood disorders and schizophrenia
What is gamma-aminobutyric acid(gaba)?
- INHIBITORY neurotransmitter
- slows down the activities of the neurons to prevent them getting too excited. Can treat anxiety
- Low level of GABA can have an association with anxiety disorder
What is glutamine?
- EXCITATORY neurotransmitter
- excess is toxic
What is histamine?
NEUROMODULATOR
- alertness, control of gastric secretions, cardiac stimulation, peripheral allergic responses
What is acetylcholine?
INHIBITORY or EXCITATORY
- sleep and wakefulness cycle, signals muscles to become alert
What is some examples of brain imaging techniques?
Computed tomography( CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
–> use injected radioactive substances to examine the function of the brain
