Week 2 (part b)

Question 1

Maximal muscle power is influenced by (4)…?

Answer 1

• Maximal force (Fmax)
• Maximum velocity shortening (Vmax)
• Rapid stretch (stretch-shortening cycles)
• Motor unit or muscle fibre type

Question 2

Over a 12 hr period the average duration of intense exercise in 6-10 y/o children is ____?

Answer 2

3 seconds

Question 3

Over a 12 hr period the average duration of any exercise in 6-10 y/o children is ____?

Answer 3

6 seconds

Question 4

What are the different methods of measuring anaerobic fitness (4)?

Answer 4

• Measuring levels of biochemical markers of anaerobic glycolysis, particularly blood lactate, can be measured
• Determining oxygen deficit/debt
• Power production during wingate (cycle) or treadmill exercise
• Field tests, e.g. sprint

Question 5

Describe the method of the Wingate test and what it tells you

Answer 5

• cycling or treadmill
• 30s all out cycle
• 2 indicators: peak power and mean power

Question 6

Does anaerobic power increase or decrease throughout childhood growth?

Answer 6

Increase

Question 7

Are the changes in the ratio of body mass to volume of actively contracting muscle a plausible factor for the improvement of anaerobic power with age?

Answer 7

May account for some of it but evidence suggests there is still a considerable power difference when compared with lean body mass.

Question 8

Is the developmental changes in neuromuscular function a plausible factor for the improvement of anaerobic power with age?

Answer 8

Not been clearly demonstrated yet

Question 9

Is the difference in muscle architecture a plausible factor for the improvement of anaerobic power with age?

Answer 9

changes in proportion of fast twitch fibres seems unlikely to be behind the large magnitude of increase in power

Question 10

Children have a _____ blood lactate concentration compared with adolescents and adults

Answer 10

lower (findings are explained by smaller extravascular increase in lactate and faster elimination of lactate from the blood in children)

Question 11

Improvement of sprint speed with age: Stride lengths contribution?

Answer 11

Improvements in running can be linked to leg length and stride length (height) associated with stride length

Question 12

Improvement of sprint speed with age: Force production?

Answer 12

Forces increase in direct proportion to body mass as children grow

Question 13

Improvement of sprint speed with age: Anaerobic metabolic capacity?

Answer 13

Anaerobic capacity improves as children grow. However, sprint velocity relative to body mass decreases during childhood (more weight to carry)

Question 14

Improvement of sprint speed with age: Muscle fibre types?

Answer 14

Proportion of type II fibres in children increase dramatically with age, which is likely to contribute but not enough to explain all the change in performance.

Question 15

Improvement of sprint speed with age: Neural influences?

Answer 15

Greater utilisation on the previous stated fibres may be a large indicator for this improvement

Question 16

Maximum muscle power is influenced by (3)?

Answer 16

• muscle architecture
• neural control and motor unit recruitment
• muscle temperature

Question 17

In growing children there is an increase in sprint-ability, due to increase in height and therefore ___ ___, and increase in body mass and therefore ____ ______.

Answer 17

stride length, force production

Question 18

Sprint enhancement is due to _______ rather than _____ factors.

Answer 18

anthropometric, metabolic

Question 19

Is there a strong correlation with sprint performance and anaerobic power?

Answer 19

Only moderate correlation

Question 20

Glycolytic activity ____ as children age and may explain why power production in lab tests improve at a ______ rate than body size would predict

Answer 20

increase, improve

Question 21

True or false, glycolytic enzymes and their activity decrease as children grow

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or false, anaerobic capacity determined by the Wingate test is a good predictor of sprint performance in children

Answer 22

False

Question 23

True or false, sprint velocity is linked to increases in body height

Answer 23

True