Week 2 (part b) Flashcards
Maximal muscle power is influenced by (4)…?
- Maximal force (Fmax)
- Maximum velocity shortening (Vmax)
- Rapid stretch (stretch-shortening cycles)
- Motor unit or muscle fibre type
Over a 12 hr period the average duration of intense exercise in 6-10 y/o children is ____?
3 seconds
Over a 12 hr period the average duration of any exercise in 6-10 y/o children is ____?
6 seconds
What are the different methods of measuring anaerobic fitness (4)?
- Measuring levels of biochemical markers of anaerobic glycolysis, particularly blood lactate, can be measured
- Determining oxygen deficit/debt
- Power production during wingate (cycle) or treadmill exercise
- Field tests, e.g. sprint
Describe the method of the Wingate test and what it tells you
- cycling or treadmill
- 30s all out cycle
- 2 indicators: peak power and mean power
Does anaerobic power increase or decrease throughout childhood growth?
Increase
Are the changes in the ratio of body mass to volume of actively contracting muscle a plausible factor for the improvement of anaerobic power with age?
May account for some of it but evidence suggests there is still a considerable power difference when compared with lean body mass.
Is the developmental changes in neuromuscular function a plausible factor for the improvement of anaerobic power with age?
Not been clearly demonstrated yet
Is the difference in muscle architecture a plausible factor for the improvement of anaerobic power with age?
changes in proportion of fast twitch fibres seems unlikely to be behind the large magnitude of increase in power
Children have a _____ blood lactate concentration compared with adolescents and adults
lower (findings are explained by smaller extravascular increase in lactate and faster elimination of lactate from the blood in children)
Improvement of sprint speed with age: Stride lengths contribution?
Improvements in running can be linked to leg length and stride length (height) associated with stride length
Improvement of sprint speed with age: Force production?
Forces increase in direct proportion to body mass as children grow
Improvement of sprint speed with age: Anaerobic metabolic capacity?
Anaerobic capacity improves as children grow. However, sprint velocity relative to body mass decreases during childhood (more weight to carry)
Improvement of sprint speed with age: Muscle fibre types?
Proportion of type II fibres in children increase dramatically with age, which is likely to contribute but not enough to explain all the change in performance.
Improvement of sprint speed with age: Neural influences?
Greater utilisation on the previous stated fibres may be a large indicator for this improvement
Maximum muscle power is influenced by (3)?
- muscle architecture
- neural control and motor unit recruitment
- muscle temperature
In growing children there is an increase in sprint-ability, due to increase in height and therefore ___ ___, and increase in body mass and therefore ____ ______.
stride length, force production
Sprint enhancement is due to _______ rather than _____ factors.
anthropometric, metabolic
Is there a strong correlation with sprint performance and anaerobic power?
Only moderate correlation
Glycolytic activity ____ as children age and may explain why power production in lab tests improve at a ______ rate than body size would predict
increase, improve
True or false, glycolytic enzymes and their activity decrease as children grow
True
True or false, anaerobic capacity determined by the Wingate test is a good predictor of sprint performance in children
False
True or false, sprint velocity is linked to increases in body height
True
