Week 2 HW (CH 3&4) Flashcards
Originally, all cells started out as ________
Prokaryotes
____________ cells organize their DNA within a nucleus
Eukaryotic
The essential structures that all animal cells have in common are:
- Plasmalemma
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plasmalemma, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus
The cell membrane is made up of a _________ bilayer
phospholipid
An integral protein that allows for water movement across a cell membrane is called a ______
pore
The _______ is made up of cell adhesion molecules and membrane receptors
glycocalyx
A cell membrane accessory that allows for a cell to swim around is a
flagella
The gel-like substance on the inside of a cell that contains the organelles is called the _________
cytoplasm
The ______ is the support structure of the cell
cytoskeleton
Mitochondria function
produces energy
rough endoplasmic reticulum function
protein synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum function
lipid synthesis
golgi apparatus function
modifies & packages proteins
Lysosome function
contains enzymes for destruction
Proteasome function
Destroys one protein at a time
Peroxisomes function
Antioxidant and detoxification
vaults function
transport pods attached to cytoskeleton
Nucleus function
contains DNA
nucleolus function
synthesizes ribosomes
Most of a body’s water is found within the ________ fluid
intracellular
The most common type of solute found within an animal’s body are _______
electrolytes
The most common intracellular electrolyte is:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Calcium
Potassium
_______ atoms are basically considered protons
hydrogen
the normal blood pH of a mammal is ____ mOsml/kg
7.4
The hormone used by mammals to control blood osmolality is ________ hormone
antidiuretic
The optimal relative _______ for cells to function is isotonic
osmolality
colloids and _______ are used together in emergencies to quickly raise a patient’s blood volume and blood pressure.
crystalloids
_________ is the phase of fluid therapy that corrects intravascular volume and blood pressure
resuscitation
The ability for a cell membrane to keep some molecules out while it allows others in is called ______________
Selective permeability
is diffusion free or does it require energy?
free
is facilitated diffusion free or does it require energy?
free
is active transport free or does it require energy?
requires energy; costs ATP
is phagocytosis free or does it require energy?
requires energy; costs ATP
is osmosis free or does it require energy?
free
The physical force that pushes a liquid across a membrane is called _________ pressure
hydrostatic
The difference in osmotic pressure between blood and interstitial fluid is ______ pressure
oncotic
_______________ and active transport both use carrier proteins to transport large molecules across the cell membrane.
Facilitated diffusion
The special vesicle formed by receptor-mediated endocytosis is a ________
coated pit
The resting membrane potential of a cell membrane is
created by an uneven distribution of ions
_________ cells multiply via a process called mitosis
somatic
DNA replication occurs during the ______ phase of interphase
synthetic (S)
The enzyme that separates the DNA double helix into two complimentary strands is _________
helicase
The enzyme that is responsible for transcription is ________________
DNA polymerase
A group of three nucleotides that associate to a specific amino acid is a ______
codon
____________ occurs when cell membranes come into contact with one another and prevents further cell replication
contact inhibition
what occurs in prophase
chromatin condenses into chromatids
what occurs in metaphase
chromosomes arrange over a metaphase plate
what occurs in anaphase
spindle fibers contract
what occurs in telophase
nuclear envelope forms
Which of the following is true?
- ribosomes interact directly with DNA
- ribosomes only interact with RNA
- ribosomes are responsible for translation
- mRNA cannot leave the nucleus
ribosomes are responsible for translation
(T/F) All mutations cause immediate cell death
False
