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VMT 216 - Anatomy & Physiology > Week 2 HW (CH 3&4) > Flashcards

Week 2 HW (CH 3&4) Flashcards

1
Q

Originally, all cells started out as ________

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

____________ cells organize their DNA within a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

The essential structures that all animal cells have in common are:
- Plasmalemma
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Plasmalemma, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus

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4
Q

The cell membrane is made up of a _________ bilayer

A

phospholipid

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5
Q

An integral protein that allows for water movement across a cell membrane is called a ______

A

pore

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6
Q

The _______ is made up of cell adhesion molecules and membrane receptors

A

glycocalyx

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7
Q

A cell membrane accessory that allows for a cell to swim around is a

A

flagella

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8
Q

The gel-like substance on the inside of a cell that contains the organelles is called the _________

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

The ______ is the support structure of the cell

A

cytoskeleton

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10
Q

Mitochondria function

A

produces energy

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11
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

A

protein synthesis

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12
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

A

lipid synthesis

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13
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

modifies & packages proteins

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14
Q

Lysosome function

A

contains enzymes for destruction

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15
Q

Proteasome function

A

Destroys one protein at a time

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16
Q

Peroxisomes function

A

Antioxidant and detoxification

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17
Q

vaults function

A

transport pods attached to cytoskeleton

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18
Q

Nucleus function

A

contains DNA

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19
Q

nucleolus function

A

synthesizes ribosomes

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20
Q

Most of a body’s water is found within the ________ fluid

A

intracellular

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21
Q

The most common type of solute found within an animal’s body are _______

A

electrolytes

22
Q

The most common intracellular electrolyte is:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Calcium

A

Potassium

23
Q

_______ atoms are basically considered protons

A

hydrogen

24
Q

the normal blood pH of a mammal is ____ mOsml/kg

A

7.4

25
Q

The hormone used by mammals to control blood osmolality is ________ hormone

A

antidiuretic

26
Q

The optimal relative _______ for cells to function is isotonic

A

osmolality

27
Q

colloids and _______ are used together in emergencies to quickly raise a patient’s blood volume and blood pressure.

A

crystalloids

28
Q

_________ is the phase of fluid therapy that corrects intravascular volume and blood pressure

A

resuscitation

29
Q

The ability for a cell membrane to keep some molecules out while it allows others in is called ______________

A

Selective permeability

30
Q

is diffusion free or does it require energy?

A

free

31
Q

is facilitated diffusion free or does it require energy?

A

free

32
Q

is active transport free or does it require energy?

A

requires energy; costs ATP

33
Q

is phagocytosis free or does it require energy?

A

requires energy; costs ATP

34
Q

is osmosis free or does it require energy?

A

free

35
Q

The physical force that pushes a liquid across a membrane is called _________ pressure

A

hydrostatic

36
Q

The difference in osmotic pressure between blood and interstitial fluid is ______ pressure

A

oncotic

37
Q

_______________ and active transport both use carrier proteins to transport large molecules across the cell membrane.

A

Facilitated diffusion

38
Q

The special vesicle formed by receptor-mediated endocytosis is a ________

A

coated pit

39
Q

The resting membrane potential of a cell membrane is

A

created by an uneven distribution of ions

40
Q

_________ cells multiply via a process called mitosis

A

somatic

41
Q

DNA replication occurs during the ______ phase of interphase

A

synthetic (S)

42
Q

The enzyme that separates the DNA double helix into two complimentary strands is _________

A

helicase

43
Q

The enzyme that is responsible for transcription is ________________

A

DNA polymerase

44
Q

A group of three nucleotides that associate to a specific amino acid is a ______

A

codon

45
Q

____________ occurs when cell membranes come into contact with one another and prevents further cell replication

A

contact inhibition

46
Q

what occurs in prophase

A

chromatin condenses into chromatids

47
Q

what occurs in metaphase

A

chromosomes arrange over a metaphase plate

48
Q

what occurs in anaphase

A

spindle fibers contract

49
Q

what occurs in telophase

A

nuclear envelope forms

50
Q

Which of the following is true?
- ribosomes interact directly with DNA
- ribosomes only interact with RNA
- ribosomes are responsible for translation
- mRNA cannot leave the nucleus

A

ribosomes are responsible for translation

51
Q

(T/F) All mutations cause immediate cell death

A

False

VMT 216 - Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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