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VMT 216 - Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 - Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

the form and structure of the body and its parts

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

the function of the body and its parts

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3
Q

What are the two types of anatomy?

A

Gross anatomy and Microscopic anatomy

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4
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

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5
Q

What is another name for gross anatomy?

A

macroscopic anatomy

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6
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

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7
Q

How can anatomy be organized?

A

by regional or systemic categories

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8
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

the study of the structures in particular regions of the body
ex: entire anatomy of the neck (bones, cells, tissues)

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9
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

the study of body systems
ex: cardiovascular system, skeletal system

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10
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body into uneven left and right halves

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11
Q

median plane

A

divides the body into equal right and left halves

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12
Q

Transverse plane

A

horizontal division of the body into cranial and caudal

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13
Q

dorsal plane

A

divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts

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14
Q

left

A

the animal’s left

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15
Q

right

A

the animal’s right

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16
Q

cranial

A

towards the head (cranium)

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17
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail (caudal)

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18
Q

rostral

A

towards the nose

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19
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back (dorsum)

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20
Q

ventral

A

towards the stomach (ventrum)

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21
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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22
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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23
Q

deep

A

internal

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24
Q

superficial

A

external

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25
Q

proximal

A

used on extremities; towards the body

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26
Q

distal

A

used on extremities; away from the body

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27
Q

palmar

A

used on front paws; bottom of the foot

28
Q

plantar

A

used on back/hind paws; top of the foot

29
Q

barrel

A

trunk of the body; formed by the rib cage and the abdomen

30
Q

brisket

A

base of the neck between the front legs

31
Q

cannon

A

metatarsal bone

32
Q

fetlock

A

joint between cannon and pastern

33
Q

flank

A

area between the last rib and hind legs

34
Q

hock

A

tarsus (ankle)

35
Q

knee

A

carpus (wrist)

36
Q

muzzle

A

rostral part of the face

37
Q

poll

A

top of the head between the base of the ears

38
Q

stifle

A

the knee

39
Q

tailhead

A

base of the tail where it connects to the body

40
Q

withers

A

area dorsal to the shoulders

41
Q

what is bilateral symmetry?

A

right and left halves that mirror each other

42
Q

what are paired organs?

A

approximate mirror images of each other

43
Q

where are single organs typically located?

A

along the midline

44
Q

if an organ is farther away from the midline it…

A

is typically a paired organ

45
Q

if an organ is closer to the midline it is….

A

likely a singular organ

46
Q

what does the dorsal cavity contain?

A

central nervous system (CNS); cranial cavity and spinal cavity

47
Q

what is in the cranial cavity?

A

the brain; formed by the bones of the skull

48
Q

what is in the spinal cavity?

A

the spinal cord; formed by the vertebrae of the spine

49
Q

what does the ventral cavity contain?

A

most of the body’s organs; thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

50
Q

what is the thoracic cavity?

A

heart, lungs, esophagus, major blood vessels

51
Q

what is in the abdominal cavity

A

digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs

52
Q

what are the organs in the thorax covered by?

A

a thin membrane known as the pleura

53
Q

what does the visceral pleura cover?

A

the organs in the thoracic cavity

54
Q

what does the parietal pleura cover?

A

the entire cavity

55
Q

what is the small space between the visceral and parietal pleura contain?

A

a small amount of fluid for lubrication

56
Q

what is pleural effusion?

A

an accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space which presses on organs causing issues

57
Q

what are the organs in the abdominal cavity covered by?

A

a thin membrane known as peritoneum

58
Q

what are the levels of organization?

A

cells, tissues, organs, systems

59
Q

what are cells?

A

basic unit of life

60
Q

what are tissues?

A

groups of cells that are in similar structure and functions

61
Q

what are organs?

A

two or more kinds of tissue together performing special body functions

62
Q

what are systems

A

a group of organs working together to perform a complex body function

63
Q

what is health?

A

the state of normal anatomy and physiology

64
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a stable internal environment

65
Q

what are examples of homeostasis

A

body temperature, acid-base balance, fluid balance, hormone levels, nutrient levels, oxygen levels

66
Q

what does homeostasis require?

A

energy and the body

VMT 216 - Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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