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VMT 216 - Anatomy & Physiology > Lab : The Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Lab : The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the occipital bone located? What does it allow for?

A

at the very caudal end of the skull; articulation with the first cervical vertebra

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2
Q

What bone directly articulates with the atlas?

A

the occipital condyles

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3
Q

What is the space between the occipital bones? Whats it for?

A

the foramen magnum; allows for connection between the brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

What bone structure is along the midline dorsal aspect of the skull?

A

The sagittal crest, made up of the occipital and parietal bones

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5
Q

what muscle attaches to the sagittal crest?

A

masticatory muscle

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6
Q

where are the parietal bones located?

A

at the dorso-caudal aspect of the skull, rostral to the occipital bones

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7
Q

what does the parietal bones provide attachment for?

A

the temporalis muscle within the temporal fossa

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8
Q

What do the temporal bones do?

A

provide protection for the ear and vestibular system

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9
Q

where are the temporal bones located?

A

lateral to the parietal bones; make up the caudal aspect of the zygomatic arch

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10
Q

what is the the part of the zygomatic arch connecting to the temporal bones called?

A

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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11
Q

What does the temporal bone articulate with?

A

the mandible

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12
Q

what joint does the temporal bone and mandible form?

A

the temporomandibular joint

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13
Q

what is the tympanic bulla?

A

the bubble-like structure at the ventral aspect of the temporal bone. Associated with the ear.

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14
Q

What foramen is associated with the tympanic bulla, lateral to the temporal bone?

A

the external acoustic meatus

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15
Q

What bones are located at the most dorsal aspect of the skull?

A

the frontal bones

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16
Q

what structure is contained in the frontal bones?

A

the frontal sinuses

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17
Q

where is the zygomatic bone located?

A

lateral to the frontal bones

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18
Q

what part of the zygomatic bone extends caudally?

A

the frontal process of the zygomatic arch

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19
Q

what bone structure does the frontal process of the zygomatic arch, and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone create?

A

the zygomatic arch

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20
Q

What animals do not have a complete orbit?

A

the dog and cat

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21
Q

what is the orbit?

A

where the eye goes

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22
Q

what attaches to the external acoustic meatus

A

the external ear canal leading out to the pinna

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23
Q

In equines, what bone structure does the zygomatic bone and maxillary bone form?

A

the facial crest; this is where the masseter muscle attaches

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24
Q

Where is the sphenoid complex located?

A

ventral to the frontal bones (inside the skull)

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25
Q

Where is the lacrimal bone located?

A

in the ventro-medial aspect of the orbit (corner of the eye)

26
Q

What does the lacrimal bone allow for?

A

the connection between the orbit and the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct)

27
Q

What are the two symmetrical foramina rostral to the sphenoid complex called?

A

the choanae (caudal nares)

28
Q

What structure is ventral to the choanae?

A

the palatine bone

29
Q

what does the palatine bone make up?

A

the hard palate

30
Q

dorsal to the palatine bone is what structure?

A

the ethmoid bone

31
Q

what does the ethmoid bone contain?

A

the cribriform plate; a wall to separate the nasal cavity from the cranial vault

32
Q

what bone structure is rostral to the palatine bone?

A

the maxilla

33
Q

what teeth does the maxilla house?

A

the molars and pre-molars in the dog and cat

34
Q

what does the maxilla not support in ox?

A

the incisors, they have dental pads instead

35
Q

in ruminants, what facial structure is found laterally on the maxilla?

A

the facial tuberosity; face nipple

36
Q

in horses, dogs, and cats, what bone is rostral to the maxilla?

A

the incisive bone which supports the incisors

37
Q

The lower jaw bone is the

A

mandible

38
Q

the rostral part of the mandible is the

A

body of the mandible; supports the lower dental arcade

39
Q

the caudal part of the mandible is the

A

ramus

40
Q

the most caudal part of the ramus is the

A

condylar process

41
Q

what does the condylar process form?

A

the ventral aspect of the temporomandibular joint

42
Q

where is the coronoid process? what does it do?

A

located at the most dorsal end of the ramus; allows for the attachment of mastication muscles

43
Q

What are the 2-3 small foramina located at the rostral end of the mandible body?

A

the mental foramina

44
Q

what does the mental foramina do?

A

allow passageway of the mental nerve through the mandible

45
Q

what immovable joint is located along the midline of the mandible?

A

the mandibular symphysis

46
Q

What is the order of vertebrae?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

47
Q

what is another name for C1? how is it identified?

A

the atlas; doesn’t have a spinous process and has large flat transverse processes which make it look like a butterfly

48
Q

where does the atlas vertebrae articulate?

A

with the occipital condyles

49
Q

what is another name for C2? How can it be identified?

A

the axis; it has an extremely large spinous process, similar to a shark or dolphin fin

50
Q

How does the body of each vertebrae articulate with each other?

A

a unique joint containing intervertebral discs

51
Q

How does the spinal cord travel through the vertebrae?

A

via their vertebral foramen

52
Q

What two processes do the vertebrae use to form a synovial joint?

A

the caudal articular process and the cranial articular process

53
Q

How can the thoracic vertebrae be identified?

A

by their larger spinous processes

54
Q

What structure do all thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

the ribs

55
Q

what is the cartilaginous structure of the ribs called?

A

costal cartilage

56
Q

what is the sternum made up of?

A

each of the rib’s sternebra which joins together in the middle

57
Q

What structure of the ribs is found in dogs?

A

floating ribs are found at the most caudal end and do not connect to cartilage or sternabra

58
Q

how are lumbar vertebrae easily identified?

A

by their larger transverse processes

59
Q

what does the sacral vertebrae form?

A

the attachment between the caudal axial and appendicular skeletons

60
Q

what does the sacral vertebrae articulate with?

A

the pelvis; the sacral vertebrae are fused

61
Q

what is the xyphoid process?

A

the most caudal aspect of the sternum; the penis of the sternum

62
Q

what is the nuchal ligament?

A

found in horses, it is the part you pet, running down the neck of the horse

VMT 216 - Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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